The current status of malignant hyperthermia
Lukun Yang1
Timothy Tautz2
Shulin Zhang3
Alla Fomina4
Hong Liu2
1.Department of Anesthesiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000,China;Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA2.Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA3.Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA4.Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
摘要：Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare and life-threatening pharmacogenetic disorder triggered by volatile anesthetics,the depolarizing muscle relaxant succinylcholine,and rarely by strenuous exercise or environmental heat.The exact prevalence of MH is unknown,and it varies from 1∶16 000 in Denmark to 1∶100 000 in New York State.The underlying mechanism of MH is excessive calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR),leading to uncontrolled skeletal muscle hyper-metabolism.Genetic mutations in ryanodine receptor type 1 (RYR1)and CACNA1S have been identified in approximately 50％ to 86％ and 1％ of MH-susceptible (MHS) individuals,respectively.Classic clinical symptoms of MH include hypercarbia,sinus tachycardia,masseter spasm,hyperthermia,acidosis,muscle rigidity,hyperkalemia,myoglobinuria,and etc.There are two types of testing for MH:a genetic test and a contracture test.Contracture testing is still being considered as the gold standard for MH diagnosis.Dantrolene is the only available drug approved for the treatment of MH through suppressing the calcium release from SR.Since clinical symptoms of MH are highly variable,it can be difficult to establish a diagnosis of MH.Nevertheless,prompt diagnosis and treatments are crucial to avoid a fatal outcome.Therefore,it is very important for anesthesiologists to raise awareness and understand the characteristics of MH.This review summarizes epidemiology,clinical symptoms,diagnosis and treatments of MH and any new developments.
机标关键词：
分类号：R614.1(外科手术学)
论文发表日期：2020-03-30
在线出版日期：2025-08-15（本平台首次上网日期，不代表文献的发表时间）
页数：11( 75-85 )
英文信息