Reassembly of the axon initial segment and nodes of Ranvier in regenerated axons of the central nervous system
Miguel A.Marin
Matthew N. Rasband
摘要：Myelinated axons of the peripheral and central nervous system(PNS & CNS) are divided into molecularly distinct excitabledomains, including the axon initial segment (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier. the AIS is composed of a dense network of cytoskeletalproteins, cell adhesion molecules, and voltage gated ion channelsand is located at the proximal most region of the axon (Koleand Stuart, 2012). the primary functions of the AIS are to bothmaintain neuronal polarity by regulating vesicular traffic acrossthe somatodendritic and axonal domains as well as initiate theaction potential when sufficiently depolarized by integratedpostsynaptic potentials (Zollinger et al., 2015). Nodes of Ranvier,which are structurally similar to the AIS, are found adjacentto myelin sheaths and are interspersed at regular intervals alongthe axon. Enriched with voltage gated ion channels, the primaryfunction of the node is to regenerate the action potential asit propagates along the myelinated axon away from the soma(Rasband and Peles, 2016). Thus, AIS and nodes play criticalroles in normal neural physiology and their specific disruptionhas been implicated as a common pathology in a wide spectrumof neurological disorders including stroke, epilepsy, and traumaticinjury (Schafer et al., 2009; Baalman et al., 2013).
机标关键词：neurological disorderscentral nervous systemadhesion moleculesaction potentialion channels
论文发表日期：2017-01-01
在线出版日期：2025-08-15（本平台首次上网日期，不代表文献的发表时间）
页数：2( 1276-1277 )