Spreading depression and focal venous cerebral ischemia enhance cortical neurogenesis

Ryo Tamaki; Samuel Ige Orie; Beat Alessandri; Oliver Kempski; Axel Heimann

doi:10.4103/1673-5374.213547

摘要：Endogenous neurogenesis can arise from a variety of physiological stimuli including exercise, learning, or"enriched environment" as well as pathological conditions such as ischemia, epilepsy or cortical spreading depression. Whether all these conditions use a common trigger to set off endogenous neurogenesis is yet unclear. We hypothesized that cortical spreading depression (CSD) induces neurogenesis in the cerebral cortex and dentate gyrus after cerebral venous ischemia. Forty-two Wistar rats alternatively underwent sham operation (Sham), induction of ten CSDs or venous ischemia provoked via occlusion of two adjacent superficial cortical vein followed by ten induced CSDs (CSD + 2-VO). As an additional control, 15 na?ve rats received no intervention except 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) treatment for 7 days. Sagittal brain slices (40 μm thick) were co-stained for BrdU and doublecortin (DCX; new immature neuronal cells) on day 9 or NeuN (new mature neuronal cells) on day 28. On day 9 after sham operation, cell proliferation and neurogenesis occurred in the cortex in rats. The sole induction of CSD had no effect. But on days 9 and 28, more proliferating cells and newly formed neurons in the ipsilateral cortex were observed in rats subjected to CSD + 2VO than in rats subjected to sham operation. On days 9 and 28, cell proliferation and neuro-genesis in the ipsilateral dentate gyrus was increased in sham-operated rats than in na?ve rats. Our data supports the hypothesis that induced cortical neurogenesis after CSD + 2-VO is a direct effect of ischemia, rather than of CSD alone.