Regional brain susceptibility to neurodegeneration: what is the role of glial cells?
Andrea Beatriz Cragnolini1
Giorgia Lampitella2
Assunta Virtuoso2
Immacolata Viscovo2
Fivos Panetsos3
Michele Papa2
Giovanni Cirillo2
1.Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba2.Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas(IIByT),CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina3.Human Anatomy and Laboratory of Morphology of Neuronal Networks, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
摘要：The main pathological feature of the neurodegenerative diseases is represented by neuronal death that represents the final step of a cascade of adverse/hostile events.Early in the neurodegenerative process,glial cells (including astrocytes,microglial cells,and oligodendrocytes) activate and trigger an insidious neuroinflammatory reaction,metabolic decay,blood brain barrier dysfunction and energy impairment,boosting neuronal death.How these mechanisms might induce selective neuronal death in specific brain areas are far from being elucidated.The last two decades of neurobiological studies have provided evidence of the main role of glial cells in most of the processes of the central nervous system,from development to synaptogenesis,neuronal homeostasis and integration into,highly specific neuro-glial networks.In this mini-review,we moved from in vitro and in vivo models of neurodegeneration to analyze the putative role of glial cells in the early mechanisms of neurodegeneration.We report changes of transcriptional,genetic,morphological,and metabolic activity in astrocytes and microglial cells in specific brain areas before neuronal degeneration,providing evidence in experimental models of neurodegenerative disorders,including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.Understanding these mechanisms might increase the insight of these processes and pave the way for new specific glia-targeted therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders.
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论文发表日期：2020-05-28
在线出版日期：2025-08-15（本平台首次上网日期，不代表文献的发表时间）
页数：5( 838-842 )
英文信息