Atypical antipsychotics, more than just an antipsychotic
Hiram Tendilla-Beltrán1
Gonzalo Flores2
1.Laboratorio de Fisiología de la Conducta, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Mexico;Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico2.Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
摘要：Antipsychotics are the prescribed drugs for schizophrenia. The first sub-stance used for antipsychotic purposes appeared in 1952 and it was a gener-al anesthetic: chlorpromazine. The use of this drug was mainly because of its effects on violent behavior instead of sedation in patients, which "controls" the psychotic episodes and prevents psychosis relapse. Since then, pharma-ceutical antipsychotics have been developed, producing second-generation or atypical drugs. These drugs arose with the synthesis of clozapine in the late '50s, which represented (and still represent) the "guide molecule" for the development of these substances, because of its effectiveness on the symptomatology of the disease. Atypical antipsychotics have a high affinity for serotonergic 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (5-HT2A) receptors and a moderate affinity for dopaminergic D2 receptors (Figure 1). Thus, these drugs effectively attenuate psychotic episodes, hallucinations, and delusions (positive symptomatology of the disease) with a low probability of gener-ating movement disorders (extrapyramidal symptoms), which differentiate them from the typical antipsychotics. However, atypical antipsychotics have modest effects on negative symptomatology (anhedonia, apathy, social withdrawal) and fail to counteract cognitive deficits. Also, many atypical antipsychotics trigger alterations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and cause side effects. This is because of its non-specific pharmacodynamics since atypical antipsychotics have an affinity for histaminergic, muscarin-ic, and adrenergic receptors, as well as other isoforms of serotonergic and dopaminergic receptors rather than the 5-HT2A and D2 receptors. Thus, this "promiscuous" pharmacology of atypical antipsychotics has led to the discovery of other mechanisms that represent potential therapeutic targets in schizophrenia (Aringhieri et al., 2018).
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论文发表日期：2020-08-28
在线出版日期：2025-08-15（本平台首次上网日期，不代表文献的发表时间）
页数：2( 1477-1478 )