Female sex in experimental traumatic brain injury research: forging a path forward
Theresa Currier Thomas1
Caitlin E.Bromberg2
Gokul Krishna3
1.Department of Child Health,University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix;BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital,Phoenix,AZ,USA;Phoenix VA Health Care System,Phoenix,AZ,USA2.Department of Child Health,University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix;BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital,Phoenix,AZ,USA;Arizona State University,Tempe,AZ,USA3.Department of Child Health,University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix;BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital,Phoenix,AZ,USA
摘要：Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with estimates indicating that ～50％ of the world's population will acquire a head injury at some point in their lifetime (Maas et al., 2017). Mild TBIs account for ～80％ of all reported cases, with up to 43％ of all TBI patients reporting symptoms beyond 2 weeks post-injury. As of 2016, only 7％ of preclinical TBI experiments included both male and female sexes, and fewer studies analyzed the data using sex as a biological variable (Spani et al., 2018). Since 2016, there has been a bigger push for TBI research to include both sexes, due to reports of sex disparities in symptom presentation, recovery, and vulnerability to other neurological disorders; emphasizing how little we know about the pathophysiology of TBI in females. In this Perspective, we discuss some preclinical and clinical sex differences, challenges addressing female inclusion in preclinical TBI research, and potential solutions towards finding a balance between female sex inclusion and sex as an independent biological variable; forging a path towards improving scientific rigor, reproducibility and inclusivity for evaluating pathophysiological sex-differences after TBI.
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论文发表日期：2022-03-28
在线出版日期：2025-08-15（本平台首次上网日期，不代表文献的发表时间）
页数：3( 550-552 )