Mitochondrial dysfunctions in neurodegenerative diseases: role in disease pathogenesis, strategies for analysis and therapeutic prospects
Federica Rey1
Sara Ottolenghi2
Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti3
Michele Samaja2
Stephana Carelli1
1.Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences"L.Sacco",University of Milan,Milano,Italy;Paediatric Clinical Research Centre Fondazione"Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi",University of Milano,Milano,Italy2.Laboratory of Biochemistry,Department of Health Sciences,University of Milan,Milano,Italy3.Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences"L.Sacco",University of Milan,Milano,Italy;Paediatric Clinical Research Centre Fondazione"Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi",University of Milano,Milano,Italy;Department of Paediatrics,Children's Hospital"V.Buzzi",Milano,Italy
摘要：Fundamental organelles that occur in every cell type with the exception of mammalerythrocytes, the mitochondria are required for multiple pivotal processes that include the production of biological energy, the biosynthesis of reactive oxygen species, the control of calcium homeostasis, and the triggering of cell death. The disruption of anyone of these processes has been shown to impact strongly the function of all cells, but especially of neurons. In this review, we discuss the role of the mitochondria impairment in the development of the neurodegenerative diseases Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. We highlight how mitochondria disruption revolves around the processes that underlie the mitochondria's life cycle: fusion, fission, production of reactive oxygen species and energy failure. Both genetic and sporadic forms of neurodegenerative diseases are unavoidably accompanied with and often caused by the dysfunction in one or more of the key mitochondrial processes. Therefore, in order to get in depth insights into their health status in neurodegenerative diseases, we need to focus into innovative strategies aimed at characterizing the various mitochondrial processes. Current techniques include Mitostress, Mitotracker, transmission electron microscopy, oxidative stress assays along with expression measurement of the proteins that maintain the mitochondrial health. We will also discuss a panel of approaches aimed at mitigating the mitochondrial dysfunction. These include canonical drugs, natural compounds, supplements, lifestyle interventions and innovative approaches as mitochondria transplantation and gene therapy. In conclusion, because mitochondria are fundamental organelles necessary for virtually all the cell functions and are severely impaired in neurodegenerative diseases, it is critical to develop novel methods to measure the mitochondrial state, and novel therapeutic strategies aimed at improving their health.
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论文发表日期：2022-04-28
在线出版日期：2025-08-15（本平台首次上网日期，不代表文献的发表时间）
页数：5( 754-758 )
英文信息