Generation,interrogation,and future applications of microglia-containing brain organoids
Julia Di Stefano1
Federica Di Marco2
llaria Cicalini2
Una FitzGerald3
Damiana Pieragostino2
Marleen Verhoye4
Peter Ponsaerts5
Elise Van Breedam5
1.Laboratory of Experimental Hematology,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute(Vaxinfectio),University of Antwerp,Wilrijk,Belgium;Bio-Imaging Lab,University of Antwerp,Wilrijk,Belgium2.Center for Advanced Studies and Technology(CAST),G.d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara,Chieti,Italy;Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry,University"G.d'Annunzio"of Chieti-Pescara,Chieti,Italy3.CÚRAM,Center for Research in Medical Devices,Biomedical Engineering,University of Galway,Ireland;Galway Neuroscience Center,University of Galway,Ireland4.Bio-Imaging Lab,University of Antwerp,Wilrijk,Belgium;μNEURO Research Center of Excellence,University of Antwerp,Wilrijk,Belgium5.Laboratory of Experimental Hematology,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute(Vaxinfectio),University of Antwerp,Wilrijk,Belgium
摘要：Brain organoids encompass a large collection of in vitro stem cell-derived 3D culture systems that aim to recapitulate multiple aspects of in vivo brain development and function.First,this review provides a brief introduction to the current state-of-the-art for neuro-ectoderm brain organoid development,emphasizing their biggest advantages in comparison with classical two-dimensional cell cultures and animal models.However,despite their usefulness for developmental studies,a major limitation for most brain organoid models is the absence of contributing cell types from endodermal and mesodermal origin.As such,current research is highly investing towards the incorporation of a functional vasculature and the microglial immune component.In this review,we will specifically focus on the development of immune-competent brain organoids.By summarizing the different approaches applied to incorporate microglia,it is highlighted that immune-competent brain organoids are not only important for studying neuronal network formation,but also offer a clear future as a new tool to study inflammatory responses in vitro in 3D in a brain-like environment.Therefore,our main focus here is to provide a comprehensive overview of assays to measure microglial phenotype and function within brain organoids,with an outlook on how these findings could better understand neuronal network development or restoration,as well as the influence of physical stress on microglia-containing brain organoids.Finally,we would like to stress that even though the development of immune-competent brain organoids has largely evolved over the past decade,their full potential as a pre-clinical tool to study novel therapeutic approaches to halt or reduce inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration still needs to be explored and validated.
机标关键词：applicationsgenerationfuturebraincontaininginterrogationmicrogliaorganoids
论文发表日期：2025-12-27
在线出版日期：2025-08-15（本平台首次上网日期，不代表文献的发表时间）
页数：13( 3448-3460 )
英文信息