Measuring glymphatic function:Assessing the toolkit
Koushikk Ayyappan1
Lucas Unger2
Philip Kitchen2
Roslyn M.Bill2
Mootaz M.Salman3
1.Department of Physiology,Anatomy and Genetics,University of Oxford,Oxford,UK2.College of Health and Life Sciences,Aston University,Birmingham,UK;Aston Institute for Membrane Excellence and the School of Biosciences,Aston University,Birmingham,UK3.Department of Physiology,Anatomy and Genetics,University of Oxford,Oxford,UK;BHF Oxford Centre of Research Excellence,University of Oxford,Oxford,UK;Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery,University of Oxford,Oxford,UK
摘要：Glymphatic flow has been proposed to clear brain waste while we sleep.Cerebrospinal fluid moves from periarterial to perivenous spaces through the parenchyma,with subsequent cerebrospinal fluid drainage to dural lymphatics.Glymphatic disruption is associated with neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and traumatic brain injury.Therefore,investigating its structure and function may improve understanding of pathophysiology.The recent controversy on whether glymphatic flow increases or decreases during sleep demonstrates that the glymphatic hypothesis remains contentious.However,discrepancies between different studies could be due to limitations of the specific techniques used and confounding factors.Here,we review the methods used to study glymphatic function and provide a toolkit from which researchers can choose.We conclude that tracer analysis has been useful,ex vivo techniques are unreliable,and in vivo imaging is still limited.Finally,we explore the potential for future methods and highlight the need for in vitro models,such as microfluidic devices,which may address technique limitations and enable progression of the field.
机标关键词：functiontoolkitassessingglymphaticmeasuring
论文发表日期：2026-02-28
在线出版日期：2025-12-09（本平台首次上网日期，不代表文献的发表时间）
页数：8( 534-541 )
英文信息