Abstract:Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation,which often leads to joint pain,limited movement,deformity and even loss of function,seriously affecting the quality of life and mental health of patients.This article reviews the main factors affecting the quality of life and mental health of RA patients,and summarizes the interventions for RA patients in recent years,aiming to provide theoretical basis and reference for clinical practice to improve the quality of life and mental health of RA patients.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the association between nocturnal systolic blood pressure(nSBP)and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)in hypertensive patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF).Methods A total of 305 hypertensive patients with HFpEF in the Second Hospital,Lanzhou University from December 1,2017 to June 30,2024 were retrospectively selected.According to nSBP,the patients were divided into high-nSBP group(222 cases),middle-nSBP group(69 cases),and low-nSBP group(14 cases).The clinical data of the three groups were compared,Pearson or Spearman model was used for correlation analysis,and multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors affecting eGFR.Results Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the low-nSBP group and the middle-nSBP group were lower than those in the high-nSBP group at each time point,and nSBP in the low-nSBP group was lower than that in the middle-nSBP group(all P＜0.05).The level of serum creatinine in the middle-nSBP group was lower than that in the high-nSBP group and low-nSBP group,and the level of eGFR was higher than that in the high-nSBP group and low-nSBP group(all P＜0.05).eGFR was negatively correlated with age,serum uric acid and serum creatinine(r=-0.247,-0.205,-0.606,all P＜0.05),and positively correlated with body mass index,heart rate and daytime diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients with HFpEF(r=0.179,0.173,0.116,all P＜0.05).Age,serum creatinine,the ratio of mitral E velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity,and nSBP were independent risk factors for eGFR(all P＜0.05).Conclusion In patients with hypertension and HFpEF,either high or low nSBP will lead to a decrease in eGFR.

Abstract:Objective To analyze patients admitted to the hospital for acute pulmonary embolism,and to describe the clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of patients with or without cancer.Methods The clinical data of 1 931 patients with acute pulmonary embolism admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science & Technology from July 2011 to February 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the presence or absence of cancer,they were divided into cancer group(307 cases)and non-cancer group(1 624 cases).Clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results The proportions of dyspnea,chest pain,syncope and fever in the cancer group were lower than those in the non-cancer group(all P＜0.05).The proportion of patients without clinical symptoms in the cancer group(19.9％)was about three times higher than that in the non-cancer group(7.4％,P＜0.001).In terms of European Society of Cardiology risk stratification of pulmonary embolism,there was no significant difference in the proportion of high risk between the two groups(P=0.214).There were significant differences in international normalized ratio,prothrombin time ratio,prothrombin activity,prothrombin time and fibrinogen between the two groups(all P＜0.05).The predicted in-hospital mortality was 14.7％(45/307)in cancer group and 8.3％(135/1 624)in non-cancer group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(x2=12.298,P＜0.001).Conclusions The proportion of patients with no clinical symptoms in the cancer group was approximately three times higher than that in the non-cancer group,and in addition to a more severe hypercoagulable state,the absence of clinical symptoms may be an important cause of poor prognosis.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine combined with oxycodone on mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate,inflammatory response and oxidative stress in patients undergoing percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy(PELD).Methods A total of 100 patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH)who underwent PELD in The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2024 to January 2025 were randomly selected.According to the random number table method,they were divided into the control group and the observation group,with 50 cases in each group.The control group was intravenously injected with oxycodone before anesthesia induction,and the observation group was intravenously injected with oxycodone combined with dexmedetomidine before anesthesia induction.MAP,heart rate,visual analogue scale(VAS)score,inflammatory response indicators[interleukin-1 β(IL-1β),IL-8,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)],oxidative stress indicators[malondialdehyde,superoxide dismutase(SOD)]and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups at different time points.Results The MAP and heart rate of the observation group during T2 to T5 were significantly lower than those of the control group(all P＜0.05).The VAS scores of the observation group at 1,12,and 24 h after surgery were significantly lower than those of the control group[(3.0±0.5)vs(3.7±0.5),(2.1±0.4)vs(2.6±0.5),(1.5±0.3)vs(2.2±0.5)](all P＜0.05).The inflammatory response indexes of the observation group at 1,2 and 3 d after operation and the malondialdehyde levels at 1 and 2 d after operation were significantly lower than those of the control group,and the SOD levels at 1 and 2 d after operation were significantly higher than those of the control group(all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P=0.674).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine combined with oxycodone has a good anesthetic effect in PLED surgery of LDH patients,which can effectively improve the MAP and heart rate of patients,reduce postoperative pain,and inhibit inflammatory response and oxidative stress.

Abstract:The incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation are increasing.Early rhythm control can effectively reduce irreversible atrial remodeling and the incidence of adverse events in patients with atrial fibrillation.Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors(SGLT2i)can regulate myocardial multi-ion balance,reduce myocardial mitochondrial damage,inhibit myocardial oxidative stress and inflammatory response,improve renal metabolism and glucose and lipid metabolism,inhibit cardiac sympathetic hyperactivity,and reverse ventricular fibrosis.It can inhibit arrhythmia and is a potential target for preventing postoperative recurrence of atrial fibrillation.This article reviews the potential pathophysiological mechanism and research status of SGLT2i in the recurrence of atrial fibril-lation after ablation,in order to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of atrial fibrillation.

Abstract:Peripheral nerve injury leads to loss of skeletal muscle function and weakness of the musculo-skeletal system,which seriously affects the quality of life and brings economic burden to families and society.Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important factor leading to denervated muscle atrophy.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has attracted wide attention from scholars at home and abroad due to its advantages of high safety and few adverse reactions.TCM treats skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis,mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy,inhibiting inflammation and reducing oxidative stress.Based on mitochondrial dysfunction,this paper summarizes the relevant research on TCM intervention in denervated muscle atrophy in recent years,aiming to provide new ideas for TCM treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy.

Abstract:Cholangiocarcinoma,as a hepatobiliary malignant tumor with poor prognosis,still faces severe challenges in its diagnosis and treatment strategy.In cholangiocarcinoma,abnormally expressed long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)can regulate the malignant behavior of tumors through a variety of mechanisms,including interacting with functional proteins,participating in the competitive endogenous RNA regulatory network,activating oncogenic signaling pathways,and metabolic reprogramming.In addition,lncRNA not only regulate the malignant biological behavior of cholangiocarcinoma cells,but also participate in the reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment through exosomes.Exosomes can also be discharged into body fluids such as serum or bile,which provides a new tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma.This review summarizes the research progress of lncRNA in cholangiocarcinoma in recent years,and puts forward prospects for the molecular mechanism of cholan-giocarcinoma development.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of betahistine combined with Xuanyunning tablets in the treatment of post-stroke vertigo in elderly patients.Methods A total of 384 elderly patients with post-stroke vertigo admitted to the Department of Neurology,Changzhi People's Hospital,Shanxi Province from September 2022 to October 2024 were selected.According to the random number table method,they were divided into the control group and the observation group,with 192 cases in each group.The control group was treated with betahistine mesylate tablets,and the observation group was treated with Xuanyunning tablets on the basis of the control group.Both groups were treated for 21 d.The clinical efficacy,vertigo disability rating scale,vertigo symptom scale,Chinese version of concise health survey scale score,hemodynamic indicators and adverse reactions during treatment were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group[84.9％(163/192)vs 72.4％(139/192)](x2=8.932,P=0.003).After treatment,the scores of vertigo disability rating scale and vertigo symptom scale in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the scores of the Chinese version of the concise health survey scale were higher than those in the control group(all P＜0.05).After treatment,the peak systolic blood flow velocity of anterior cerebral artery and vertebrobasilar artery in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment,and those in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(x2=0.046,P=0.830).Conclusion Betahistine combined with Xuanyunning tablets can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of post-stroke vertigo in elderly patients,and the combined treatment is better than single drug treatment.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Xinnao Liantong capsule combined with diltiazem hydrochloride tablets in the treatment of stable angina pectoris.Methods A total of 118 patients with stable angina pectoris who were treated in Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM·Hebei from September 2022 to March 2024 were selected as the research objects.Patients were divided into control group(59 cases)and observation group(59 cases)by simple random grouping method.All patients received conventional treatment of stable angina pectoris.Patients in the control group were treated with diltiazem hydrochloride tablets,and patients in the observation group were treated with Xinnao Liantong capsule on the basis of the control group.All patients were treated for 8 weeks.The clinical efficacy,frequency and duration of angina pectoris,cardiac function indexes,hemorheology indexes,and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group[94.9％(56/59)vs 81.4％(48/59)](x2=5.187,P=0.023).After treatment,the frequency and duration of angina pectoris,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,left ventricular end-systolic diameter,plasma viscosity,whole blood high shear viscosity,whole blood low shear viscosity,and red blood cell aggregation index in the two groups were lower than those before treatment,and those in the observation group were lower than those in the control group[(1.8±0.4)times/week vs(3.8±0.7)times/week,(1.8±0.3)min vs(3.6±0.7)min,(55.7±2.5)mm vs(58.0±2.6)mm,(31.0±5.0)mm vs(37.6±5.9)mm,(1.4±0.2)mPa/s vs(1.6±0.3)mPa/s,(4.7±0.6)mPa/s vs(5.9±0.7)mPa/s,(9.2±1.1)mPa/s vs(11.1±1.4)mPa/s,(4.3±1.0)％vs(6.0±1.1)％](all P＜0.05).After treatment,the left ventricular ejection fraction of the two groups was higher than that before treatment,and that of the observation group was higher than that of the control group[(56.4±3.2)％vs(49.6±3.0)％](all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion On the basis of conventional treatment,Xinnao Liantong capsule combined with diltiazem hydrochloride tablets is more effective than diltiazem hydrochloride tablets in the treatment of stable angina pectoris,relieves angina pectoris attack,improves cardiac function and hemorheology,and has high drug safety.

Abstract:Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome(referred to as cardiorenal metabolic syndrome)is a complex syndrome characterized by the interweaving of cardiovascular disease,chronic kidney disease,and metabolic disorders.Its core lies in the formation of a vicious cycle between the heart,kidney and metabolic system.Therefore,its drug treatment needs to uphold the concept of"heart-kidney-metabolic multi-disease co-treatment".This article reviews the concept,pathophysiological mechanism of cardiorenal metabolic syndrome and the drugs with evidence-based medical evidence of cardiorenal benefits,in order to provide theoretical support for the treatment of cardiorenal metabolic syndrome.

Abstract:Objective To explore the predictive value of serum T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3(Tim-3)and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α(MIP-1α)for central nervous system infection(CNSI)after craniotomy in patients with severe traumatic brain injury(sTBI).Methods A total of 300 sTBI patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2023 to June 2025 were selected.According to the occurrence of postoperative CNSI,the patients were divided into infection group(53 cases)and non-infection group(247 cases).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with postoperative CNSI,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the predictive value.Results The proportions of patients with cerebrospinal fluid leakage,diabetes mellitus,skull base fracture,and operation time ≥ 3 h,as well as serum Tim-3 mRNA and MIP-1α levels in the infection group were significantly higher than those in the non-infection group(all P＜0.05).Tim-3 mRNA,MIP-1α,cerebrospinal fluid leakage,skull base fracture,and operation time ≥3 h were independent risk factors for postoperative CNSI in patients(all P＜0.05).The area under the curve of serum Tim-3 mRNA alone,MIP-1α alone,and their combination for predicting concurrent CNSI was 0.753,0.762,and 0.852,respectively.The combined prediction of the two indicators was superior to each single indicator(both P＜0.05).Conclusion High expressions of serum Tim-3 mRNA and MIP-1α increase the risk of postoperative CNSI in sTBI patients undergoing craniotomy,and their combined detection has certain clinical value for predicting postoperative CNSI in these patients.

Abstract:Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and risk factors of cognitive impairment in coronary atherosclerotic heart disease(CHD)patients of different age groups.Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted,enrolling a total of 9 893 CHD patients who visited Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital Medical University from December 2021 to April 2023.The patients were divided into middle-aged group(45-59 years old,4 121 cases)and elderly group(≥60 years old,5 772 cases)according to age.Cognitive function was assessed using the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)and Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA).Sleep quality was evaluated by the pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI),and anxiety and depression status were assessed with the self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)and self-rating depression scale(SDS),respectively.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for cognitive impairment in CHD patients.Results The prevalence of cognitive impairment in the middle-aged group was lower than that in the elderly group[33.9％(1 396/4 121)vs 55.6％(3 210/5 772)](P＜0.001).The proportion of poor sleep quality in the middle-aged group was lower than that in the elderly group(P＜0.001).There were no statistically significant differences in SAS and SDS scores between the middle-aged and elderly groups(both P＞0.05).The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age,female gender,cerebral infarction,myocardial infarction,poor sleep quality,anxiety,and depression were significantly associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment(all P＜0.05).Subgroup analysis by age revealed that in the middle-aged group,female gender,diabetes mellitus,cerebral infarction,myocardial infarction,poor sleep quality,and depression were independent risk factors for cognitive impairment;in the elderly group,female gender,cerebral infarction,myocardial infarction,poor sleep quality,anxiety,and depression were independent risk factors for cognitive impairment(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of cognitive impairment is relatively high in patients with CHD.Advanced age,cerebral infarction,myocardial infarction,insomnia,anxiety,and depression can exacerbate cognitive impairment in CHD patients.Approximately one-third of middle-aged CHD patients have cognitive impairment,and their risk factors differ from those of elderly patients.Diabetes mellitus can increase the severity of cognitive impairment in middle-aged patients but has no significant effect on elderly patients;anxiety is not a risk factor for cognitive impairment in middle-aged patients but can significantly increase the risk in elderly patients.

Abstract:With the continuous improvement of people's requirements for health management,rational drug use monitoring and adverse reaction risk early warning have become important links to ensure patient safety.In recent years,the application of artificial intelligence technology in this field has attracted wide attention.The application of technologies such as machine learning,natural language processing,decision support systems and data mining can timely issue early warnings for irrational drug use and potential adverse reactions during clinical treatment through the analysis of large amounts of data,thereby significantly improving the effectiveness and safety of patient treatment.However,there are still various problems and challenges in the current application of artificial intelligence,such as algorithm bias,data security,privacy protection and ethics.This paper aims to review the application of artificial intelligence in clinical rational drug use monitoring and adverse reaction risk early warning,explore the role of artificial intelligence in improving the safety and effectiveness of clinical drug therapy for patients,and provide a reference basis for the popularization and application of artificial intelligence in the field of medical health.

Abstract:This article reports the successful management of a patient with drug-induced liver injury(DILI)secondary to anti-tuberculosis medications.The patient was admitted due to progressive jaundice,abdominal distension,and fatigue lasting for 1 week.Artificial liver support therapy combining plasma exchange with double plasma molecular adsorption system was administered on the 2nd and 4th days after admission,respectively.Meanwhile,the anti-tuberculosis regimen was adjusted to isoniazid 0.3 g once daily+rifampicin 0.3 g once daily(reduced dose)+pyrazinamide 1.0 g once daily+ethambutol 0.75 g once daily,and liver function was well-tolerated during follow-up re-evaluations.After two sessions of artificial liver therapy,the patient's total bilirubin decreased from 384.2 μmol/L to 76.9 μmol/L,coagulation function returned to normal,and symptoms of jaundice and abdominal distension were significantly alleviated.The results suggest that for patients with severe anti-tuberculosis-related DILI,early artificial liver support combined with an individualized anti-tuberculosis treatment regimen can effectively improve clinical outcomes.

Abstract:Objective To explore the optimal prescription of task-oriented upper limb rehabilitation robot for upper limb motor function recovery in hemiplegic patients at the synergistic movement stage after stroke.Methods A total of 112 patients with upper limb hemiplegia after stroke at the synergistic movement stage,who were hospitalized in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from April 1,2024 to April 30,2025,were selected.The patients were divided into control group,observation group A,observation group B,and observation group C by random number table method,with 28 cases in each group.The control group received routine rehabilitation training on the basis of basic drug treatment,while observation groups A,B,and C received low-intensity,moderate-intensity,and high-intensity task-oriented upper limb rehabilitation robot training respectively on the basis of basic drug treatment,with an intervention cycle of 4 weeks.The upper limb spasticity[modified Ashworth scale(MAS)score],upper limb motor function[Fugl-Meyer assessment of upper extremity(FMA-UE)score],range of motion,and trajectory tracking error were compared among the groups before intervention(T0),at 2 weeks of intervention(T1),and at 4 weeks of intervention(T2).Linear regression analysis and restricted cubic spline(RCS)model were used to conduct a dose-response analysis between the intensity of rehabilitation exercise training and the improvement of upper limb function.Results Overall analysis showed that the MAS score,FMA-UE score,flexor co-activation rate,Brunnstrom stage,motor space range,and trajectory tracking error in each group improved significantly over time,with statistically significant differences between groups and interaction effects(all P＜0.05).Further comparisons revealed that in observation groups A,B,and C,the MAS score and flexor co-activation rate[observation group A at T0,T,,and T2:(79±4)％,(74±6)％,(67±5)％respectively;observation group B:(79±7)％,(68±7)％,(61±4)％respectively;observation group C:(81±6)％,(77±4)％,(69±6)％respectively]decreased gradually,while the FMA-UE score and motor space range increased progressively,and the trajectory error decreased stepwise(all P＜0.05).The control group also showed certain improvements at T2 compared with T0(all P＜0.05),but the magnitude was less than that of the observation groups.At T1 and T2,all observation groups outperformed the control group(all P＜0.05),with observation group B showing the most significant improvements,which were superior to those of groups A and C(all P＜0.05),while no statistically significant differences were found between group A and group C(all P＞0.05).The Brunnstrom stage showed the most significant improvement in group B at T2.RCS analysis revealed an inverted U-shaped relationship between intervention intensity and FMA-UE score,with the moderate-intensity group achieving the optimal intervention effect.Conclusion Rehabilitation training based on task-oriented upper limb rehabilitation robot can significantly improve upper limb spasticity and motor function,reduce flexor co-activation rate,increase range of motion,and decrease trajectory tracking error in hemiplegic patients at the synergistic movement stage after stroke.The optimal rehabilitation training prescription is 30 minutes per session,5 times a week.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of C-C motif chemokine ligand 19(CCL19)and soluble differentiation cluster 163(sCD163)in peripheral blood of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)complicated with respiratory failure(RF).Methods A total of 196 COPD patients with RF admitted to the Department of Respiratory Medicine,the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2022 to February 2025 were selected as the COPD with RF group,98 COPD patients without RF admitted during the same period were selected as the simple COPD group,and 98 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group.According to the prognosis of COPD patients with RF at 28 d after admission,they were divided into poor prognosis group and good prognosis group.The levels of CCL19 and sCD163 in peripheral blood were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The relationship between the levels of CCL19 and sCD163 in peripheral blood and the prognosis of COPD patients with RF and its predictive efficacy were analyzed.Results The levels of CCL19 and sCD163 in the control group,the simple COPD group,and the COPD with RF group increased in sequence(all P＜0.001).The 28 d poor prognosis rate of COPD patients with RF was 35.7％(70/196).Age,severity of disease,number of acute exacerbations in the past year,forced expiratory volume in first second as a percentage of predicted value(FEV1％),dyspnea grade,CCL19 and sCD163 were associated with the prognosis of COPD patients with RF(all P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that severe disease,increased number of acute exacerbations in the past year,high CCL19 level and high sCD163 level were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in COPD patients with RF,and high FEV1％was an independent protective factor(all P＜0.05).The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the area under the curve of peripheral blood CCL19,sCD163 levels and their combination to predict the prognosis of COPD patients with RF were 0.776,0.791 and 0.879,respectively,and the combination of the two was better than their single prediction efficiency(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The increased levels of CCL19 and sCD163 in peripheral blood are related to the aggravation and poor prognosis of COPD patients with RF,and the combination of the two has a high predictive effect on the prognosis.

Abstract:Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)represent a major breakthrough in modern medical cancer therapy,pioneering a new paradigm for tumor treatment.However,immune-related adverse events(irAEs)are critical constraints affecting patients' ability to sustain immunotherapy and also one of the important limiting factors for expanding the application scope of immunotherapy.The onset time of irAEs is unpredictable,with variable symptoms ranging in severity.Their unique pathogenic mechanisms render the management of these adverse events particularly complex.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)serves as a vital cornerstone in the prevention and treatment of drug-induced adverse reactions.From the perspective and theory of TCM,enhancing the understanding and management of irAEs,as well as researching and constructing optimal prediction models and TCM intervention strategies for irAEs,are topics worthy of exploration at present.

Abstract:This study adopted a method combining literature review and theoretical analysis.Firstly,it systematically reviewed the evolution of the concept of homeostatic medicine,covering its various stages from germination,establishment to in-depth development.Secondly,it focused on interpreting the theoretical framework of homeostatic medicine proposed by Professor Liu Chengyuan in the early 21st century,and further explored the intrinsic connection between this framework and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory.According to the theory of homeostatic medicine,homeostasis is the core characteristic for the healthy survival of living organisms,which is a complex system collaboratively composed of three states:material state,energy state and information state.These three states are interrelated and indispensable,maintaining the dynamic balance of the life system through nonlinear interaction.The theory of homeostatic medicine has formed a holistic cognitive framework for the life system.Under this framework,modern medicine(focusing on the material state)and TCM(focusing on the energy state and information state)have achieved complementary unification.As a core concept at the level of life sciences,the theory of homeostatic medicine not only provides strong theoretical support for the modern construction of the TCM theoretical system,but also profoundly influences the future medical health concepts,medical research directions and clinical medical practice.From the perspective of homeostatic medicine theory,it is expected to truly establish a"new medicine"integrating traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical effect and safety of Yinhuang Qingfei capsules combined with ambroxol hydrochloride aerosol inhalation in the treatment of acute attack of chronic bronchitis.Methods A total of 96 patients with acute attack of chronic bronchitis treated in Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital from June 2022 to November 2024 were selected,and they were divided into control group and observation group according to the random number table method,with 48 cases in each group.Patients in the control group were treated with aerosol inhalation of ambroxol hydrochloride on the basis of antimicrobial agent,2-3 ml/time,1-2 times/d.The observation group was treated with Yinhuang Qingfei capsules oral on the basis of the control group,3 capsules/time,3 times/d.Both groups were treated continuously for 7 d.The total clinical effective rate,the improvement time of clinical symptoms,blood gas analysis indexes before and after treatment,serum inflammatory factor levels,and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group[95.8％(46/48)vs 81.2％(39/48)](P=0.025).After treatment,the relief times of cough,expectoration,wheezing and wheezing sound in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group(all P＜0.05).After treatment,the levels of arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2)and arterial oxygen saturation(SaO2)in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment,while the levels of arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2)were significantly lower than those before treatment;at the same time,the levels of PaO2 and SaO2 in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group,while PaCO2 was significantly lower than that in the control group(all P＜0.05).After treatment,the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,interleukin-8 and C-reactive protein in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment,and the serum levels of inflammatory factors in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment(all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the control group and the observation group[8.3％(4/48)vs 4.2％(2/48)](P=0.672).Conclusion Yinhuang Qingfei capsules combined with ambroxol hydrochloride aerosol inhalation in the treatment of acute attack of chronic bronchitis shows significant clinical effect,can improve clinical symptoms and blood gas analysis indicators,inhibit inflammatory response,and has high drug safety.

Abstract:Artificial intelligence(AI)is deeply integrating into the training system for cardiac surgeons.Through technologies such as image recognition,virtual reality,and machine learning,it enables objective assess-ment of complex surgical skills,personalized feedback,and immersive simulation training.Relying on platforms like Touch Surgery,dV-Trainer,and Proximie,AI can accurately replicate high-difficulty operations such as valvuloplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting,significantly improving training efficiency and fairness.It can optimize individualized surgical plans preoperatively,provide real-time assistance for key decisions intraoperatively,and conduct refined data review postoperatively,effectively enhancing surgical success rates and reducing compli-cations.In resource-scarce areas,AI also promotes the downward penetration and balanced allocation of high-quality cardiac technologies.Despite ongoing challenges including data quality,algorithmic bias,and legal-ethical issues,the deep integration of AI with cardiac surgery is emerging as a crucial engine for cultivating high-level surgical talents,bringing new opportunities to improve the quality of cardiovascular healthcare in China.