Abstract:The fresh corn planted in Barkol Kazak Autonomous County has higher yield,the corn ears are plump,sweet,with few pests and diseases,and have good commercial quality.According to the climatic characteristics,soil moisture and other factors of Barkol Kazak Autonomous County,the efficient cultivation techniques suitable for local fresh corn were systematically clarified,including pre-sowing preparation,sowing management,field management,pest and disease control,timely harvest,which provide reference and technical support for fresh corn growers and fresh corn production in Barkol Kazak Autonomous County.

Abstract:Luomai 50 is a new semi winter wheat variety cultivated by the Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences.It was approved by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2024.Luomai 50 had a uniform panicle layer,good yellowing,plump grains,and coordinated yield of three factors.It had outstanding high yield,stable yields,and good comprehensive resistance.During production,it was necessary to pay attention to the management of water and fertilizer and the prevention and control of diseases,pests and weeds should be well done.This study aimed to understand the characteristics and key points of cultivation techniques of Luomai 50,and to provide reference for further promotion in the Huanghuai wheat area.

Abstract:By 2025,under the overall loose supply and demand pattern of rice,the price of domestic rice market showed a trend of rising first and then falling due to the mismatch between stage supply and demand.Among them,there were differences in performance among varieties,and the japonica rice market was relatively strong.With the continuous harvest of new rice,the adverse weather in some producing areas had little effect on the overall yield.Under the situation of stable planting area and overall increase in yield per unit area,it is expected that the total rice yield in 2025 will be higher than that in 2024.In addition,the supply pressure had increased,and the price of new rice had been weak.The state had successively initiated the implementation plan for the minimum purchase price of rice in some major production provinces,which had promoted the market purchase and sale and stabilized the market prices.In the later period,with the large-scale listing of autumn grain,it is expected that the domestic rice market will operate stably overall,and the feature of policy-driven market conditions will be more prominent.

Abstract:This study explored the effects of spraying selenium fertilizer at different stages and dosages on millet yield and grain selenium content,Yugu 18 was used as the test variety,and a two-factor split-plot experimental design was adopted.Three spraying stages(jointing stage,booting stage and early filling stage)and five spraying dosages(16.5,33,66,132 and 264 g/ha)were set,and spraying water was used as the control.The agronomic traits,yield and grain selenium content of Yugu 18 under different treatments were investigated.The results showed that when different dosages of selenium fertilizer was sprayed at the jointing stage,there was no significant difference in the agronomic traits of Yugu 18,the yield was the highest when the dosage was 66 g/ha,and the grain selenium content reached the requirement of selenium-rich agricultural products when the dosage was 33-264 g/ha.When different dosages of selenium fertilizer was sprayed at the booting stage,there was no significant difference in the plant height of Yugu 18,the ear length was the highest when the dosage was 16.5 g/ha,both the ratio of winnowed paddy and yield were the highest when the dosage was 66 g/ha,and the grain selenium content reached the requirements of selenium-rich agricultural products when the dosage was 16.5-132 g/ha.When different dosages of selenium fertilizer was sprayed at the early filling stage,there were no significant differences in the plant height and ear length of Yugu 18,both the ratio of winnowed paddy and yield were the highest when the dosage was 66 g/ha,and the grain selenium content reached the requirements of selenium-rich agricultural products when the dosage was 16.5-66 g/ha.In summary,spraying 33-66 g/ha selenium fertilizer at the early filling stage,the yield of millet is relatively high while the grain selenium content reaches the requirements of selenium-rich agricultural products.

Abstract:This study aimed to understand the characteristics of new wheat variety Zhengmai 1833,based on the results of the water and land group regional trials of the Middle Variety Huanghuai Wheat Region Southern Wheat Trial Consortium in 2020-2022 and the production trials in 2022-2023.The agronomic traits,quality traits,disease resistance and yield of Zhengmai 1833 were comprehensively analyzed.The results showed that compared with the control variety Zhoumai 36,Zhengmai 1833 had shorter growth period,moderate plant height,stronger tillering ability,and its quality meets the standard of medium-strong gluten wheat.It had better disease resistance to leaf rust and good yield stability.The characteristics of Zhengmai 1833 were studied,and its supporting cultivation techniques were elaborated in details,so as to promote its application in the southern Huanghuai winter wheat region.

Abstract:The market monitoring of crop seed plays an important supporting role in ensuring food security,supporting government decision-making and promoting the development of seed industry.This paper introduced in detail the development of crop seed market monitoring in Henan Province,analyzed the problems existing in the work,and put forward corresponding suggestions to improve the efficiency of seed market monitoring in Henan Province.

Abstract:In order to explore the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer on soil fertility and fruit quality of apple orchards,a 10-year-old red Fuji apple orchard in Changdao Town,Xihe County,Longnan City,Gansu Province was used as the test field.Four treatments were set up,including conventional chemical fertilizer(CK),chemical fertilizer reduction 20%combined with organic fertilizer 3 000 kg/ha(T1),chemical fertilizer reduction 40%combined with organic fertilizer 6 000 kg/ha(T2),and total organic fertilizer 12 000 kg/ha(T3).The soil physical and chemical properties,soil enzyme activities and fruit quality were determined.The results showed that the soil organic matter content,available nitrogen content,available phosphorus content,available potassium content and pH value of T2 treatment apple orchard were higher.The soil urease activity,sucrase activity and catalase activity of T2 treatment apple orchard were significantly higher than those of CK.The apple single fruit weight,soluble solids content,sugar-acid ratio and fruit hardness of T2 treatment apple orchard were better than those of CK,T1 and T3.In summary,chemical fertilizer reduction 40%combined with organic fertilizer 6 000 kg/ha of apple orchards in Changdao Town can significantly improve soil fertility and fruit quality.

Abstract:Wheat-muskmelon-eggplant three-crop-a-year stereoscopic cultivation is a new planting mode in open field with simple technical operation in Neihuang County,Anyang City.This paper elaborated the key points of three-crop-a-year stereoscopic and high-efficiency cultivation technology of wheat-muskmelon-eggplant in Neihuang County,and analyzed its economic benefits,aiming to encourage farmers in Neihuang County to return home and start businesses and help rural revitalization.

Abstract:This study aimed to explore the effects of pelleted seed technology on the growth and development of sesame,Zhouzhi No.16 was used as the test variety,three kinds of pelleted treatments were set up,which were T1(only inert material,without adding any other substances),T2(adding antibacterial agents)and T3(adding trace elements).The unpelleted seeds were used as the control.The seedling conditions,disease resistance,agronomic traits and yield traits of different treatments were investigated.The results showed that the seedling emergence rate and seedling rate of Zhouzhi No.16 with T2 treatmengt were the highest,the disease resistance was better,the empty tip was the shortest,the fruit axis was the longest,and the yield was 1 281.75 kg/ha,which was 31.06%higher than that of the control treatmengt.In summary,the pelleting treatment of sesame seeds and the addition of bacteriostatic agents could effectively improve the seedling conditions,enhance the disease resistance of plants,and achieve stable yield and yield increase.The research results provide technical support for mechanized planting of sesame.

Abstract:Sclerotinia rot is one of the main diseases affecting the development of the sunflower industry in China,which leads to the decline of sunflower yield and quality,and brings huge economic losses to growers.In this paper,the occurrence of sclerotinia rot in sunflower and the germination of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in China were studied in detail,and the prevention and control measures were expounded,including breeding resistant varieties,agricultural control,chemical control and biological control,so as to promote the high‑quality development of the sunflower industry in China.

Abstract:In order to improve the efficiency of scientific research management in agricultural scientific research institutions,the problems existing in the current scientific research management were summarized,including the lack of attention to the management of scientific research archives,the imperfect scientific research management system,the low level of management team and the lack of scientific research project management.This paper puts forward targeted development countermeasures for the reference of relevant scientific research managers.

Abstract:This study aimed to screen the selenium-enriched millet varieties suitable for western Henan,12 common millet varieties in the local area were used as experimental materials(Yugu 18,Henggu 36,Chaogu 58,Yugu 43,Yugu 45,Yugu 35,Jigu 39,Canggu 9,Henggu 11,Henggu 35,Jigu 42 and Zhonggu 989),and 66 g/ha sodium selenite was sprayed on the leaves at the booting stage to determine the yield related factors and grain selenium content of different millet varieties.The results showed that among the 12 millet varieties tested,Henggu 11 had the highest yield,which was 6 438.00 kg/ha.Jigu 42 had the largest number of spikes,which was 42.05 million spikes/ha.Chaogu 58 had the highest thousand grains weight,which was 2.74 g.Henggu 36 had the highest grains weight,which was 19.58 g.Henggu 11 had the highest ratio of winnowed paddy,which was 85.25%.The grain selenium content of Yugu 18,Yugu 35,Yugu 43,Henggu 36 and Chaogu 58 all reached the requirements for selenium-enriched agricultural products.Among them,the grain selenium content of Yugu 18 and Chaogu 58 was relatively high,which was 0.180 mg/kg.The research results provide a reference for the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure and the development of selenium-enriched millet industry in western Henan.

Abstract:As an important raw material for tobacco flavoring,tobacco extracts mainly include different forms of products such as extract,tobacco tincture,essential oil and refined oil.This study aimed to investigate the differences in volatile components of different tobacco extracts,headspace solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-MS)and electronic nose were used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the volatile components of four typical tobacco extracts,including tobacco tincture,extract,essential oil and refined oil.Hierarchical clustering heat map was used for visual analysis.The results showed that,based on HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis,the volatile components of tobacco tincture,extract and essential oil were relatively complex,while the volatile components of refined oil were relatively simple.Among them,47 volatile components were identified in tobacco tincture,45 volatile components were identified in extract,43 volatile components were identified in essential oil,and 35 volatile components were identified in refined oil.Moreover,there were differences in the main volatile components of different tobacco extracts.The volatile components of tobacco tincture were mainly esters(44.12%)and ketones(21.25%).The volatile components of the extract were mainly ketones(42.69%)and alcohols(22.25%).The volatile components of essential oil were mainly ketones(71.05%).The volatile components of refined oil were mainly ketones(57.34%)and esters(17.63%).Based on the electronic nose analysis,it was found that there were significant differences in the contents of aromatic compounds and nitrogen oxides in the volatile components of tobacco tincture,extract,essential oil and refined oil,and the variation coefficients of sensor response values was 35.60%and 48.70%.The results of hierarchical clustering heat map showed that the volatile components of tobacco tincture,extract,essential oil and refined oil showed obvious clustering differences.Megastigmatrienones(Including three isomers Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ),α-damascenone,solanone,nicotine and 2-acetylpyrrole were the common core aroma substances.The results confirmed that there were significant differences in the aroma characteristics of tobacco extracts prepared by different processes,which provided a scientific basis for the development of cigarette flavoring technology and product innovation.

Abstract:This study aimed to clarify the germination and release rules of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ascospores and pathogenicity of different flowering period to sunflower,SH363 was used as the tested sunflower variety.The number of ascospores released by the ascospores of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at different time in the same day and different humiditys,as well as the length of the germ tubes germinated by ascospores at different temperatures,were investigated.The sunflower discs at different flowering periods were inoculated to investigate the disease index and yield.The results showed that from different times in the same day,the time of ascospore release from the ascus was 7:30-19:30 in the same day,and the release peak was at 14:00-15:00.From the perspective of culture humidity,the ascospores released by the ascus disc under the condition of wet first and then dry were the most,which was significantly higher than under other humidity treatments.From the perspective of culture temperature,the length of the germ tube germinated by ascospores at 25℃ was significantly higher than that at other temperatures treatments,and the length of germ tube increased gradually with the increase of time and temperature.From the perspective of inoculation flowering periods,the infection effect of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ascospores in sunflower R5.1—R5.2 period(The proportion of tubular flowers is less than 20%)was the best,the disease index was 97.92,and the yield was 517.20 kg/ha,which was 84.26%lower than that of normally growing sunflower.The infection effect of inoculation in R5.3—R5.5 period(Tubular flowers account for 21%to 50%)and R5.6-R5.8 period(Tubular flowers account for 51%to 80%)were inferior,the disease index were 85.42 and 27.08 respectively,and the yield were 1 008.15 and 2 257.05 kg/ha respectively,which were 69.32%and 31.33%lower than that of normally growing sunflower.The infection effect of inoculation in R5.8+period(The proportion of tubular flowers is over than 80%)was almost not infected,and there was no significant difference in the yield of sunflower compared with normally growing.The research results provide theoretical references and data support for the prevention and control of sunflower sclerotinia.

Abstract:Precise pixel-level segmentation is a key technology for achieving automated diagnosis and quantitative assessment of crop leaf diseases.However,the generalization performance of existing models across crops and diseases has not been fully verified.In this study,the public PlantDoc dataset was used as the experimental material to systematically evaluate the generalization performance of the mainstream deep learning models U-Net and DeepLabV3+in the pixel-level segmentation task of multiple crop leaf diseases.The results showed that the U-Net model showed excellent segmentation performance on the PlantDoc dataset,with the average intersection over union,average pixel accuracy and accuracy were 77.20%,84.50%and 93.64%respectively,which were better than the corresponding indicators of the DeepLabV3+model,which were 55.63%,62.77%and 86.41%respectively.The research results provide a model selection basis for agricultural intelligent diagnosis system.

Abstract:This study aimed to screen high‑yield and stable‑yield sesame varieties suitable for planting in Zhoukou City,a comparative test of 12 new sesame strains was carried out in Zhoukou City in 2024.The grey correlation analysis method was used to comprehensively evaluate the 10 agronomic traits(equivalent yield,plant height,initial capsule height,empty slightly length,fruit axis length,capsule number per plant,number of seeds per capsule,thousand‑grain weight,whole growth period and stem spot blight disease index)of the 12 new sesame strains.The results showed that,from the perspective of agronomic traits,empty slightly length,stem spot blight disease index and yield were the key factors affecting the comprehensive performance of the sesame strains,and the cumulative weight exceeded 70.00%.From the perspective of sesame strains,the sesame strains P3,P8 and P9 showed better comprehensive performance.Among them,the sesame strain P3 had a yield of 1 396.80 kg/ha,which was 24.50%higher than that of the sesame strain P1.In summary,in the process of sesame breeding,the varieties with shorter empty slightly length,stronger disease resistance and higher yield should be selected.

Abstract:Since 2025,the domestic corn market showed a trend of continuous price increase in the first half of the year and a weak decline in the second half during the evolution of the supply and demand pattern.The factors such as the purchase of the state reserve,the reduction of imports,the substitution of wheat,the change of production situation,the listing of new grains,and the lack of demand had led to the price of corn rising first and then falling.With the large-scale autumn harvest approaching,the corn market has entered a period of alternating supply between new and old grains.New grains have been listed one after another,and there is still destocking pressure on aged grains,the downward trend in spot price will continue.The overall demand market is tepid,and grain-using enterprises are cautious in their purchasing mentality.After the new grains are concentrated on the market in the later period,it is expected that the purchase price of corn will still be under pressure,but the downward space will be limited.

Abstract:Chitin is a commonly used biostimulant and soil conditioner in plant growth,which plays an important role in promoting plant root growth and enhancing stress resistance.This study aimed to understand the effects of exogenous chitin on photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism of wheat seedlings under nitrogen deficiency conditions,Zhengmai 1860 was used as the test variety,300 mg/L chitin was sprayed at the two-leaf stage of wheat,and water was used as the control(CK).The relative chlorophyll content(SPAD value),nitrogen content and nitrate reductase(NR)activity of leaves at 24,48 and 72 hours after fertilization,and the antioxidant enzymes[peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)]activity of leaves at 72 hours after fertilization were investigated.The results showed that the SPAD value and nitrogen content of wheat seedling leaves at 24 hours after chitin application were both higher than those of CK,while the NR activity was lower than that of CK.The SPAD value,nitrogen content and NR activity of wheat seedling leaves at 48 hours after chitin application were all higher than those of CK.The activities of NR and POD in the leaves of wheat seedlings at 72 hours after chitin application were higher than those of CK,while the nitrogen content and CAT activity were lower than those of CK,and the SPAD value and SOD activity were not significantly different from those of CK.In summary,exogenous chitin can improve the photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism of wheat seedlings under nitrogen deficiency conditions.The results provide a theoretical basis for the use of chitin in wheat cultivation.

Abstract:The study explored the effects of drip application of seaweed fertilizer on the yield formation and seed quality of hybrid seed production in maize,aiming to provide a reasonable basis for the management of seedling water in hybrid seed production.The Leidan No.1 was used as the experimental maize variety,four treatments were established,including no fertilization treatment(CK),the treatment with nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer(CG),the treatment with nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer+3 kg/ha seaweed fertilizer(H1),and the treatment with nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer+6 kg/ha seaweed fertilizer(H2).The effects of different treatments on the growth indicators,biomass,yield traits and seed quality of female parent of hybrid seed production were analyzed.The results showed that the plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,number of leaves,leaf angle,SPAD value,leaf biomass,stem biomass and total biomass of H1 and H2 were higher than those of CG and CK at the big trumpet stage.At the silking stage,stem diameter,leaf area,number of leaves,leaf angle,SPAD value,leaf biomass,stem biomass,panicle biomass and total biomass of H1 and H2 were higher than those of CG and CK.The plant height of H1 and H2 was lower than that of CG,and the plant height of H1 was lower than that of CK.At the maturity stage,SPAD value,leaf angle,leaf biomass,stem biomass,panicles biomass,total biomass,panicles length,panicle thickness,number of rows per panicle,number of columns per panicle,yield,seed volume,thousand grain weight,germination rate and germination potential of H1 and H2 were higher than those of CG and CK.The germination indexes of H1 and H2 was higher than that of CK,and the germination indexes of H2 was higher than that of CG.The water content of H1 and H2 was higher than that of CK,and the water content of H1 was higher than that of CG.In addition,the correlation heat map results of seed quality traits showed that the germination potential was very significantly positively correlated with the germination rate,the thickness of seeds was extremely significantly positively correlated with the thousand grain weight,the width of seeds was significantly positively correlated with the thousand grain weight and extremely significantly positively correlated with the length of seeds,the length of seeds was significantly positively correlated with the thickness of seeds.In summary,compared with conventional fertilization,drip application of seaweed fertilizer can effectively improve the growth indicators,biomass,yield traits and seed quality of hybrid seed production female parent,and provide reference for water and fertilizer management of hybrid seed production.

Abstract:In order to explore the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates on the growth and yield of maize,Anyu 706 was used as the test maize variety in the Baizhuang Experimental Field of Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.This experiment studied the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates of 0 kg/ha(treatment 1),293.5 kg/ha(treatment 2),423.9 kg/ha(treatment 3),554.3 kg/ha(treatment 4),684.8 kg/ha(treatment 5)on the growth period,agronomic traits,yield and economic benefits of maize.The results showed that,under the same ecological conditions,cultivation management and the application amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers,the whole growth period of treatment 1 was the shortest.Treatment 4 had the highest stem thickness,panicle length,number of rows per panicle,number of grains per row,quality per thousand grains,yield,output value and income,and the shortest bald tip length.The plant height and panicle height of treatment 5 were the highest.Treatments 2,3,4 and 5 had the same ear diameter.In summary,too much or too little nitrogen fertilizer application has a negative impact on the growth and development of maize.Appropriate nitrogen fertilizer application can improve the agronomic traits of maize and significantly increase the yield and economic benefits.