Abstract:Chronic constipation(CC),characterized by prolonged duration,significantly impairs patients'quality of life.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)demonstrates unique advantages in treating CC,including multi-target effects,holistic regulation,synergistic efficacy,and high safety.TCM theory attributes the pathogenesis of CC to dysfunction of large intestine transportation,involving diverse pathological factors(cold,heat,deficiency,excess)that often interconvert.Clinical treatments emphasize clearing heat and promoting bowel movement,regulating Qi to eliminate stagnation,warming the middle jiao to disperse cold,tonifying the spleen and boosting Qi,and nourishing Yin and enriching blood.Representative classical formulas include Maziren pill,Liumo decoction,Dahuang Fuzi decoction,Wenpi decoction,Jichuan decoction,Huangqi decoction,Buzhong Yiqi decoction,Runchang pill,and Zengye decoction.This review categorizes these nine classical formulas by efficacy and indications,systematically analyzing their clinical applications and mechanisms in CC treatment.Findings suggest that TCM significantly improves constipation by enhancing gastrointestinal fluid secretion and motility.

Abstract:Current research on ancient medical practitioners in the Shandong region tends to focus on specific dynasties,individual case studies,or broadly categorizes them as"Confucian physicians",all of which have certain limitations.This paper selects authors of medical texts from the pre-Qin period to the Qing dynasty in medical history,who were native to Shandong,as representative examples of ancient medical practitioners in the region.The study spans a long historical period and covers a wide range,making it a typical representation of ancient medical practitioners in Shandong.Through methods such as literature research,historical analysis,and a combination of holistic and case-specific approaches,this paper reveals the group characteristics of ancient medical practitioners in Shandong,summarizes their contributions to the development of traditional Chinese medicine,and explores the influence of social and political factors on the development of medicine in Shandong.This study provides new perspectives for research on ancient medical practitioner groups,addresses gaps in the academic study of such groups,and offers reference for research on medical practitioner groups in other regions,particularly medical schools.

Abstract:Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome(ALI/ARDS)is a critical respiratory condition with high mortality,caused by multifactorial etiologies.Its pathogenesis remains complex and incompletely elucidated.Current evidence indicates that the synergistic interaction between oxidative stress and inflammatory responses plays a pivotal role in disease progression.The activation and release of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and inflammatory mediators contribute to disrupting alveolar-capillary endothelial barrier integrity,thereby exacerbating lung tissue damage.From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),phlegm-heat is recognized as a core pathological factor in ALI/ARDS.Phlegm-turbidity,viewed as the pathological manifestation of ROS,arises from disordered water metabolism,while heat-toxin,corresponding to inflammatory factors,serves as a key effector substance aggravating the inflammatory cascade.Based on the TCM theory of phlegm-heat,this paper proposes that ALI/ARDS progression is characterized by confluence of internal and external dampness,accumulation and steaming of phlegm-heat,and interaction of blood stasis and toxin.The core treatment principle of fortifying the spleen and nourishing the primordial essence is consistently applied throughout the course.Preventive strategies emphasize strengthening the spleen to consolidate the root and benefiting the lungs to reinforce the exterior,utilizing the Fuzheng Biwen formula.In the early stage of the disease course,the focus is on clearing heat and ventilating the lung,activating the spleen to resolve turbidity.Xuanfei Huazhuo formula is selected for treatment.During middle to late stages,emphasis shifts to clearing the ying level,resolving blood stasis,cooling the blood,and detoxifying,using the Qingfei Tongluo Formula.This approach aims to provide novel theoretical insights and methodological guidance for the clinical prevention and treatment of ALI/ARDS.

Abstract:Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)and diabetes are mutual risk factors,and their comorbidity is common in elderly males,often presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS).Based on the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber,this article explores the syndrome differentiation and treatment of LUTS in elderly males with BPH complicated with diabetes from the perspectives of etiology,pathogenesis,treatment principles,and medication formulation.Clinically,the main manifestations include"dysuria"or"involuntary urination"combined with"wasting-thirst".The conditions are categorized into syndromes of kidney Qi deficiency,water retention in the lower energizer,and intermingling of water and heat.Correspondingly,treatments include Shenqi Wan,Wuling San,and Zhuling Tang,with modifications based on clinical symptoms,demonstrating considerable efficacy.This provides a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of LUTS in elderly males with BPH complicated with diabetes.

Abstract:Objective To explore the common material basis and molecular mechanisms of Shenqi Buqi granules for treating chronic atrophic gastritis,glomerulonephritis,obstructive pulmonary disease,liver cirrhosis,and heart failure as"treating different diseases with the same method"through component analysis coupled with network pharmacology and molecular docking.Methods Using hypoxic tolerance and fatigue resistance as evaluation criteria for improving Qi deficiency syndrome,the normobaric/hypoxic and weight-bearing swimming experiments were operated.The therapeutic effects of Shenqi Buqi granules on Qi deficiency were evaluated by comparing the duration of hypoxia tolerance and weighted swimming among mouse groups.Qualitative analysis of the major chemical components was identified using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS.The network of"chemical components-treating different diseases with the same method targets"was conducted,and core components and targets were identified through topological parameter analysis.AutoDock Tools was ultimately employed to validate the docking of the active ingredients with the targets.Results Pharmacological efficacy experiments showed that,compared with the normal control group,the survival time and weight-bearing swimming time of mice in the treatment group under normobaric hypoxia conditions were both prolonged,indicating that Shenqi Buqi granules have significant hypoxic tolerance and anti-fatigue effects.A total of 44 chemical components were identified in the compound,including saponins,flavonoids,nucleosides,etc.A total of 72 core targets related to Shenqi Buqi granules"treating different diseases with the same method"were screened out,finding 23 important components such as Ononin,Cyclosin,Ginsenoside Rg1 and Methylnissolin,as well as key target points such as AR,IL2,VEGFA,and EGFR.These targets were involved in regulating biological processes such as cell proliferation and apoptosis,and were associated with signaling pathways including AGE-RAGE,PI3K-Akt,TNF and HIF-1,and so on.Conclusion This study elucidates how the Shenqi Buqi granules exert therapeutic effects on five diseases as"treating different diseases with the same method"through a combined action involving multiple components,targets and pathways,providing a theoretical foundation for further development and application of Shenqi Buqi granules.

Abstract:Atherosclerosis(AS)is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease characterized by persistent inflammatory responses,activation of inflammatory vesicles,and cellular inflammatory damage.The pathogenesis of AS is complex,and emerging evidence in recent years highlights the critical role of mitochondrial dysfunction in its development.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),with its advantages of multi-target and multi-pathway interventions,has garnered widespread attention for regulating mitochondrial homeostasis and preventing and treating AS.TCM can exert its preventive and therapeutic effects on AS by targeting the regulation of mitochondrial oxidative stress,dynamics,autophagy,biosynthesis,apoptosis,and calcium homeostasis.Based on this,this article reviews the relationship between mitochondrial quality control systems and atherosclerosis,as well as the mechanisms of TCM interventions targeting mitochondrial quality control systems for the prevention and treatment of AS.The aim is to provide new insights for TCM in preventing and treating AS and to offer a theoretical basis for clinical research on TCM interventions for AS.

Abstract:The Qing dynasty was a crucial period for the rapid development of the Warm Disease School.Xue Xue,a renowned representative physician of the Warm Disease School during the Qing dynasty,authored Wen Nve Lun,a critical essay targeting contemporary doctors who confined the treatment of warm malaria to Cold damage methods and deviated from clinical practice.Based on the theories of the Inner Canon of Huangdi and the Treatise on Febrile Diseases,Xue argued that warm malaria does not belong to major pathogenic Cold damage but rather to minor pathogenic malaria.He differentiated warm malaria from Cold damage,febrile malaria,and latent Qi in terms of etiology,pathogenesis,disease location,and treatment principles.In terms of treatment,Xue Xue contended that warm malaria should not follow the treatment principle of Cold damage,which advocates"resolution upon sweating",nor should Baihu Jia Guizhi decoction be used as a universal prescription.Instead,he proposed a new formula,Qing Nve Yin.This essay holds significant reference value for studying Xue Xue's academic thoughts on warm diseases.

Abstract:Acupuncture is one of the important methods in traditional Chinese medicine for treating knee osteoarthritis(KOA),and it has a clear therapeutic effect on delaying the progression of KOA and alleviating symptoms.With the continuous deepening of research on KOA,it has been found that acupuncture may take effect by intervening in different signaling pathways.Acupuncture can directly stimulate nerves and activate the conduction of different signaling pathways,thereby reducing the inflammatory response of the KOA synovium and inhibiting the pathological hyperplasia and degeneration of the knee joint.This article mainly focuses on the regulation of Toll-like receptor(TLR)/NF-κB,Wnt/β-catenin,MAPK,OPG/RANKL/RANK and other signaling pathways were reviewed to provide reference for future related clinical work and experimental research.

Abstract:Ulcerative colitis(UC)is an inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology that specifically affects the rectum and colon.There is currently no cure for UC,and existing treatment options often fail to meet clinical needs.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),characterized by its holistic approach and syndrome differentiation-based treatment,has demonstrated significant efficacy with a lower recurrence rate,offering new perspectives for the management of UC.TCM theory posits that pathological factors such as"blood stasis,Qi stagnation,and damp-turbidity"persist throughout the onset and progression of UC,contributing to its chronic and recurrent nature.Danggui Shaoyao San,a classical formula known for"harmonizing blood,moving Qi,and promoting diuresis",aligns with the modern pathogenesis of UC.This article aims to explore the theoretical foundations and mechanisms of action of Danggui Shaoyao San in treating UC from this perspective,providing a scientific basis for its clinical application.

Abstract:Acute diseases are often characterized by"sudden onset and slow recovery",presenting complex syndromes,misleading manifestations,and a mixture of deficiency and excess,making it difficult to distinguish between true and false symptoms.Liu Wansu of the Jin dynasty,well-versed in the theory of Five circuits and Six Qi,elucidated the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases through the principles of excess causing harm and regulation bringing control.When the six climatic factors become excessively intense,"the transformation of overcoming one's own nature"may occur,complicating the differentiation of true and false symptoms.This article elaborates on Liu Wansu's process of distinguishing true from false symptoms in acute diseases,aiming to understand the dynamics of Yin and Yang changes and guide the formulation of treatment principles and prescriptions.

Abstract:"Relieving stagnation of lung Qi"is a significant theory in traditional Chinese medicine,which suggests that methods of dispersion and drainage should be employed to address the stagnation of lung Qi.This reflects the core philosophy of guiding according to circumstances and providing an outlet for pathogenic factors.Professor Wang Xiaomin believes that"stagnation of lung Qi"is a key pathological mechanism in the occurrence,development,invasion,and metastasis of lung cancer.In clinical practice,he applies the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of"relieving stagnation of lung Qi"to treat lung cancer through methods such as ventilating lung Qi,clearing phlegm and stasis,promoting urination and defecation,and soothing liver stagnation.By guiding according to circumstances,expelling pathogenic factors,and restoring the normal circulation of Qi in the body,certain therapeutic effects have been achieved in controlling tumor progression and improving patients'quality of life.This article summarizes Professor Wang Xiaomin's clinical experience in treating lung cancer using the theory of"relieving stagnation of lung Qi"for clinical reference.

Abstract:Objective This study aims to systematically sort out and scientifically evaluate the comprehensive clinical value of Hulisan capsule in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis of wind-cold-dampness obstruction syndrome,so as to provide valuable data and clues for national medical policy formulation,pharmaceutical market promotion,pharmacy administration services,as well as clinical and basic medical research.Methods Based on the multi-criteria decision analysis model(MCDA),and by using the Chinese Patent Medicine Clinical Evidence and Value Evaluation Software CSC v2.0,a combined comprehensive clinical evaluation of Hulisan capsule was conducted from six dimensions of effectiveness,safety,economy,innovation,suitability,accessibility and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine in accordance with the"6+1"evaluation framework.Results In terms of safety and effectiveness,Hulisan capsule was associated with mild adverse drug reactions(ADR),with rare severe ADRs,indicating good safety.Combination therapy with Hulisan capsule and Western medicine showed superior outcomes to monotherapy with Western medicine in terms of the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)score,Lysholm Knee Function Scale score,and overall clinical effective rate.Regarding economy,incremental effectiveness analysis demonstrated that the treatment cost of Hulisan capsule was acceptable,reflecting favorable economic efficiency.The product exhibited high innovation in terms of dosage form and preparation technology.Hulisan capsule required no special technical or management requirements,featured simple drug supply,storage and transportation,and had a reasonable price,with high coverage and availability rates in hospitals at all levels,thus showing good suitability and accessibility.As a traditional Yi ethnic medicine,Hulisan capsule had an elaborate formulation with a small number of medicinal ingredients but significant efficacy,and was supported by abundant real-world studies,representing distinct TCM characteristics.Conclusion Based on the evidence from the"6+1"evaluation dimensions,Hulisan capsule obtain a favorable clinical value assessment.It is recommended that Hulisan capsule be conditionally included in the consideration scope of essential clinical medication management policies in accordance with standardized procedures,so as to form relevant policy outcomes.

Abstract:Ischemic stroke accounts for 65.3%of all stroke cases,featuring complex pathological mechanisms and posing significant challenges in clinical management.This study reviews current research on the characteristic syndromes of ischemic stroke and their associated biological foundations.Modern medical research reveals that the neurovascular unit undergoes dynamic remodeling post-ischemic stroke:the acute phase is characterized primarily by endothelial dysfunction and neuronal necrosis,while the subacute to recovery phases feature the activation of endogenous repair mechanisms and reorganization of neural functional networks.The characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes manifest as follows:The blood stasis syndrome persists from the acute through the recovery phase,showing significant correlations with vascular damage/inflammatory markers and their related gene polymorphisms.The phlegm-heat syndrome is common in the acute phase and is significantly associated with inflammatory/stress markers,gut microbiota dysbiosis,and disturbances in amino acid,lipid,and nucleotide metabolism.The incidence of Qi deficiency syndrome increases as the disease progresses,primarily linked to impaired energy metabolism.The persistence of the phlegm-heat syndrome and the early emergence of the Qi deficiency syndrome are significantly correlated with poor neurological functional prognosis.In summary,ischemic stroke often exhibits disease-syndrome correlation characteristics of"constant and variable factors combined,with temporal and spatial interactions"throughout its progression.However,research in this field still commonly faces issues such as suboptimal study design,lack of standardized tools,significant clinical sample heterogeneity,and low result reproducibility.Therefore,advancing research on disease-syndrome correlations necessitates not only continued refinement and promotion of standardized diagnostic tools but also urgently requires the establishment of technical reporting standards for such research.This will promote the standardization process within the field and facilitate the systematic integration of multi-dimensional evidence.

Abstract:Obesity-related hypertension is a common comorbidity in the field of public health.According to the etiology and pathogenesis theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the co-diagnosis and treatment of obesity-related hypertension have demonstrated precise efficacy.The theory of"Yang transforms Qi,Yin shapes form",originating from the Inner Canon of Huangdi,is a highly condensed summary of the functions of the viscera and the physical constitution of the body.Based on this theory,this article proposes that the core pathogenesis of obesity-related hypertension lies in the insufficiency of Yang transforming Qi and the excess of Yin shaping form.Its essence is the dysfunction of warming and transporting in the spleen and kidneys,leading to the excessive formation of pathological products such as phlegm-turbidity and greasy-fatty substances.Therefore,the clinical treatment should adhere to the therapeutic principle of supporting Yang and restraining Yin.Supporting Yang involves warming kidney Yang and promoting middle Yang to enhance the body's metabolic drive,while restraining Yin focuses on reducing turbidity,eliminating fat,dispelling phlegm,and resolving stasis to curb the accumulation of pathological products.Guiding the treatment of obesity-related hypertension with the theory of"Yang transforms Qi,Yin shapes form"helps in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease,broadening the perspectives and basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract:Objective To examine the historical evolution and critical information of the formula Shaoyao Tang by compiling and analyzing ancient Chinese medical literature,providing reference for the research and development of classical formulas.Methods Using bibliometric methods,ancient and modern literature related to Shaoyao Tang was collected and organized.The historical origins,composition analysis,dosage and processing,decoction and administration methods,as well as efficacy and indications of the formula were systematically investigated.Results A total of 64 entries of ancient literature related to Shaoyao Tang were compiled,with 49 entries selected for analysis.These entries involved 49 ancient Chinese medical texts,categorized by historical periods as follows:Jin Dynasty(1 text),Yuan Dynasty(2 texts),Ming Dynasty(20 texts),and Qing Dynasty(26 texts).The results indicate that Shaoyao Tang,listed as Formula No.52 in the Catalog of Ancient Classical Formulas(Second Batch)-Han Ethnic Medicine,originates from the Jin Dynasty medical work Suwen Bingji Qiyi Baoming Ji:Xieli Lun(Essential Mechanisms and Principles of Diseases in the Plain Questions:Treatise on Diarrhea and Dysentery).It is primarily indicated for abdominal pain,hematochezia,and dysentery caused by damp-heat accumulation in the intestines.The formula consists of nine mainstream herbs:Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba),Huangqin(Scutellariae Radix),Huanglian(Coptidis Rhizoma),Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix),Muxiang(Aucklandiae Radix),Binglang(Arecae Semen),Dahuang(Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma),Rougui(Cinnamomi Cortex),and Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma).The botanical origins of the herbs remain largely consistent from ancient times to the present.The modern decoction and administration method involves using 20.65 g of coarse granules,boiled in 600 mL of water until reduced to 300 mL,taken warm after meals.Conclusion This study,through the collection and analysis of literature related to Shaoyao Tang,examines the historical origins and prescription information of the formula.It clarifies critical details such as the botanical origins of the herbs,dosage and processing methods,as well as decoction and administration techniques.The findings provide reference and evidence for the clinical application and further research of Shaoyao Tang.

Abstract:Objective Using plasma metabolomics methods to investigate the pathogenesis of ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases with the syndrome of Qi deficiency and blood stasis(QDBS)in rat models,and to elucidate the intervention effects of Buyang Huanwu Tang(BYHWT)on both models.Methods The coronary heart disease QDBS(CHD-QDBS)model was established by sleep deprivation combined with ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery,while the cerebral infarction QDBS(CI-QDBS)model was established by microsphere-induced multiple cerebral infarctions combined with sleep deprivation.Each model was divided into four groups:sham-operated group,model group,BYHWT group,and aspirin positive control group.BYHWT was administered by gavage at clinical doses(CHD-QDBS:13 g/kg;CI-QDBS:21 g/kg)for 14 consecutive days.Model evaluation included grip strength testing,coagulation function,echocardiography,and histopathological observation of brain tissues.Differential metabolites were identified using metabolomics analysis,and the metabolic pathways of CHD-QDBS and CI-QDBS were explored to analyze the shared and unique metabolic mechanisms of the two conditions under QDBS.Results BYHWT obviously improved the grip strength(P<0.01),and coagulation function(P<0.05)in the model rats,and regulated cardiac function(P<0.05)and brain tissue morphology.Metabolomics analysis revealed that the CHD-QDBS model induced significant abnormalities in 76 plasma metabolites,involving disorders in glycerophospholipid metabolism,linoleic acid metabolism,and sphingolipid metabolism.The CI-QDBS model,on the other hand,resulted in significant abnormalities in 39 metabolites,mainly related to amino acid metabolism.After intervention with BYHWT,37 metabolites in the CHD-QDBS model were restored,primarily regulating lipid metabolism pathways.In the CI-QDBS model,11 metabolites showed improvement mainly involving amino acid metabolism pathways.The common differential metabolites between the two models include 7 types such as glutamic acid and pyroglutamic acid,indicating that oxidative stress,energy metabolism disorders,inflammatory reactions,and vascular dysfunction are common characteristics of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in the two diseases.CHD-QDBS drives inflammation and thrombus formation through lipid metabolism disorders,while CI-QDBS exacerbates cerebral hypoxia through amino acid metabolism disorders.Conclusion This study reveals that there exist common metabolic disorders and specific pathways in the Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome of ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases,which embodies the scientificity of the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)theory of"treating different diseases with the same method"and provides evidence for the analysis of the biological connotation of TCM syndromes.BYHWT regulates metabolic networks through multiple targets,restores lipid homeostasis,and reduces oxidative stress and inflammation.This study can provide a basis for analyzing the biological basis of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and developing precise treatment strategies combining disease and syndrome.

Abstract:With the increasing number of chronic diseases year by year,the incidence of comorbidities is also increasing.Currently,there is a lack of standardized diagnosis and treatment measures and prevention and control systems,and there is a lack of consensus on the concept of multimorbidity.This article first outlines the concept of multimorbidity,defines multimorbidity,coexisting diseases and comorbidities,providing prerequisite conditions for guiding clinical diagnosis and treatment,establishing prevention and treatment systems,and conducting clinical research.Taking the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular metabolic patterns,which account for a large proportion of chronic disease comorbidities,as an example to explore the etiology,pathological basis,characteristics,diagnosis and treatment strategies,and management models of multimorbidity.To further standardize research on comorbidities,intervention strategies,prevention and control measures,and management models for multimorbidity provide ideas and references for multimorbidity prevention,treatment,and management.

Abstract:As a distinctive regional medical school in modern Chinese medical history,Shanghai-style traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has developed unique practical experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of arthralgia diseases under the specific social,economic,and cultural background of Shanghai,guided by the academic philosophy of"openness,inclusiveness,harmony in diversity".This article reviews the academic experience of Shanghai-style TCM in treating arthralgia diseases from the late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China to the modern era,summarizing its trajectory from traditional inheritance to modern development.Shanghai-style TCM proposes the etiology and pathogenesis of arthralgia diseases as"deficiency of Yang Qi and depletion of Ying blood","malnourishment of the liver,spleen,and kidneys",and"phlegm and blood stasis as pathogenic factors".In terms of therapeutic principles and approaches,it demonstrates notable diversity and distinctiveness.Key features include the consistent emphasis on kidney-tonifying,Yang-warming,and blood-harmonizing therapies.Additionally,it incorporates the use of insect-based and proprietary medicines specifically for arthralgia.The approach also involves the combined application of classical and empirical formulas,as well as the integration of internal and external treatments.Furthermore,it highlights the adept utilization of herbal pairs in clinical practice.Exploring the academic experience of Shanghai-style TCM in treating arthralgia diseases not only enriches the connotation of its academic thought but also provides valuable insights for the integrated treatment of modern rheumatological diseases and the innovative research and development of TCM.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the protective effect of Naoshuantong capsules on acute ischemic stroke and its metabolic pathways and mechanism.Methods Mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was established by the suture-occluded method.The mice that underwent successful model establishment were divided into the model group,the Low-dose Naoshuantong group,the High-dose Naoshuantong group and the nimodipine group.The sham group only underwent vascular operation separation.After three days,HE staining was used to observe the morphological structure of brain tissue cells.GC/MS metabolomics technology was used to detect endogenous metabolite changes in mouse brain tissue and then performed statistical analysis,the metabolomics detection additionally set up a sham surgery group(Sham),a model group(Model),and a Naoshuantong capsules group(NSTC),screened differential metabolites between groups,and conducted metabolic pathway enrichment analysis.Results HE staining revealed that mice in the NSTC-L and NSTC-H groups exhibited milder structural disorganization and relatively normal nuclear morphology,the brain tissue injury was improved compared to the model group.Metabolomic analysis was performed on the NSTC group and the Model group.20 differential metabolites were screened out between the two group,6 metabolites were upregulated,including adenosine,oleamide,and N-acetylaspartic acid,et al.14 metabolites were downregulated,including N-methylalanine,glycyltyrosine,and oleic acid,et al.It was concluded that the main metabolic pathways involved in the intervention of acute ischemic stroke by Naoshuantong capsules included cAMP signaling pathway,Glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylic metabolism,Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies,cGMP-PKG signaling pathway,Vascular smooth muscle contraction,Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes,Sphingolipid signaling pathway.Conclusion Naoshuantong capsules can improve brain injury in MCAO mice through metabolic pathways such as cAMP signaling pathway,cGMP-PKG signaling pathway,Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies,Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes and Sphingolipid signaling pathway.

Abstract:Latent pathogens,as pathogenic factors that remain hidden in the body after infection and cause delayed onset,are the core cause of recurrent ulcerative colitis(UC).The characteristics of latency,progression,and accumulation of latent pathogens align with the pathogenesis of UC,which is"deficiency of vital Qi as the root,and damp-heat and blood stasis as the manifestation".This perspective also correlates with pathological mechanisms confirmed by modern medicine,such as mucosal barrier damage and persistent activation of tissue-resident memory cells.Based on the latent pathogen theory,this paper explores the evolutionary patterns of UC recurrence and corresponding treatment principles.It also proposes the"new eight principles of syndrome differentiation for spleen and stomach diseases"as a guideline for syndrome differentiation and treatment during remission,offering new insights into the prevention and treatment of UC recurrence with traditional Chinese medicine.