Abstract:In July 2024,the Sihe River Basin experienced two extreme rainstorm floods,forming two typical regulation scenarios:low initial storage and high initial storage.Taking Hezhuang Reservoir in the Sihe River Basin as the research object,based on measured hydrological data,this paper analyzed the rainfall characteristics,reservoir water level and flow responses,and runoff coefficient variation patterns of the two floods,revealing the flood response mechanism driven by the coupling of initial storage conditions and underlying surface runoff characteristics.Indicators such as peak-shaving rate,flood interception volume,flood regulation reservoir utilization,and flood peak lag time were used to quantitatively evaluate the flood control benefits of the reservoir,and the effectiveness differences between two regulation modes—full-course interception and combined interception and discharge—were compared.The results show that the two floods cumulatively intercepted 36.09 million m³ of water,with an average peak-shaving rate of 85％,and that initial storage is a key factor determining the response intensity and regulation strategy.Hezhuang Reservoir effectively intercepted and reduced flood peaks during consecutive heavy rains,mitigating downstream flood risks and demonstrating significant flood control benefits.The study provides measured evidence and technical reference for continuous flood response analysis,flood regulation optimization,and benefit assessment of reservoirs in hilly areas of northern China.

Abstract:Taking the Jiyun River Estuary Pumping Station as the engineering background,this paper proposes an overall foundation pit construction approach of"staged excavation combined with permanent and temporary structures"to address complex pit conditions,including proximity to levees,cross-flood-season construction,and localized artesian water.The first-phase foundation pit mainly covers the intake chamber,main pump house,and outlet chamber,where TRD cement-soil walls and tri-axial cement-mixing piles are used in zones to form cutoff curtains.Hidden beams and stainless steel counterblocks are arranged on the pit floor to form a bottom strut system.The second-phase foundation pit,for the intake and outlet channels,adopts sloped excavation combined with densely arranged mixing pile composite foundations to meet bearing capacity and settlement control requirements.Analysis results show that the overall force coordination of the foundation pit design is good,and the deformation of the retaining structure is within a controllable range,providing favorable conditions for expanding construction space and ensuring smooth project implementation.The research results can provide a reference for the design of deep-shaft through-flow pumping station foundations with large flow rates.

Abstract:In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of eccentric spherical valves under sediment-laden flow conditions,this paper investigates the variations of valve hydraulic characteristics under different valve openings,sediment concentrations,and inlet flow velocities,based on a combination of numerical simulation and field experiments.The hydraulic characteristic patterns of the eccentric spherical valve during operation are analyzed and summarized,and relevant protective measures are proposed in terms of structural improvement,material selection,and valve opening and closing rules.This provides theoretical basis and technical support for its normal operation in sediment-laden flows.This study is of significant importance for the long-term safe and stable operation of hydropower stations.

Abstract:To reveal the intrinsic driving mechanism of rainfall microphysical factors on soil erosion and sediment yield under different rainfall intensities,this paper employed a high-precision artificial rainfall simulation system.Experiments were conducted on typical loessial soil in the Chinese Loess Plateau,with three rainfall intensity gradients of 30,60,and 90 mm/h set on a 15° bare slope.The micro-characteristics of rainfall and the entire process of erosion and sediment yield were monitored simultaneously.The results indicate that rainfall kinetic energy increases nonlinearly with rainfall intensity and serves as a more fundamental erosion-driving factor than rainfall intensity.The linear relationship between total sediment yield and total rainfall kinetic energy is excellent(R²=0.97),significantly superior to the power function relationship with rainfall intensity(R²=0.88).This study quantitatively confirms that rainfall kinetic energy is a more essential and direct driver of erosion than rainfall intensity,providing important theoretical support and parameterization direction for improving soil erosion physical models and enhancing their predictive accuracy.

Abstract:This paper takes the 220 kV Substation Project in the Dongming Petrochemical Park,located in the western plain area of Nansi Lake,as an example.Based on the continuous long-term measured rainfall data from Lizhuangji and Dongming stations,the design storm flood analysis was carried out using both the comprehensive instantaneous unit hydrograph method and the flood peak discharge formula method for the western plain area of Nansi Lake,as outlined in the Hydrological Atlas of Shandong Province.The results of the two methods were then compared.The analysis shows that the total flood volume at the site of the 220 kV substation with a return period of P=1％(100-year flood)is 1,400×104 m³,and the design flood level is 56.15 m.Under design storm flood conditions,short-term water accumulation may occur in the plant area,necessitating the construction of drainage facilities.The analysis results can provide a basis for the implementation of the Dongming Petrochemical Park 220 kV Substation Project,and the research methods have reference value for the estimation of design floods in small watersheds in plain areas.

Abstract:Against the background of ecological civilization construction and the extension of water conservancy functions,water conservancy scenic areas urgently need to break through the bottlenecks of traditional development models and achieve high-quality transformation.Focusing on the design of transformation paths,a systematic solution is proposed:guided by conceptual transformation,establishing ecological priority,human-centered coordination,and sustainability;centered on product transformation,building a diversified and in-depth"water conservancy+"experience system;driven by technological transformation,enhancing service efficiency through intelligent management platforms;supported by management transformation,innovating cross-departmental collaboration and community co-governance mechanisms;and elevated through brand transformation,shaping a distinctive and value-oriented image.The study emphasizes the synergistic effect of these five transformation dimensions,which is the key path to achieving the unity of ecological protection,water conservancy safety,and industrial benefits.It can provide theoretical reference for related policy formulation and scenic area practice,promoting water conservancy scenic areas as important carriers of sustainable development.

Abstract:On July 20,2024,Yutai Station of Dongyu River encountered high-intensity rainstorm flood under the condition of abrupt drought-flood transition.The measured flood peak discharge reached 767 m³/s,which was the second largest flood since the station was built.This paper adopts the runoff distribution hydrograph method to conduct flood forecasting,focusing on runoff yield calculation,confluence deduction,backwater correction and real-time rolling forecast revision,and verifies and evaluates the forecasting accuracy.The results show that this flood is characterized by short duration,high intensity,rapid rise,high peak and stable recession.After backwater correction and rolling forecast revision,the final forecasted flood peak discharge is 795 m³/s,the forecasting results are qualified and can meet the needs of flood control and dispatch in the basin.This paper also analyzes the shortcomings of traditional empirical methods in parameter calibration,and puts forward measures to improve accuracy such as optimizing model parameters,strengthening extreme case research,and improving the rolling forecast mechanism.The research results can provide practical references for rainstorm flood forecasting in similar small and medium-sized basins in Dongyu River Basin and the western plain of Nansi Lake.

Abstract:The reflow of Jinci Spring which has been cut off for 30 years is a landmark achievement of groundwater management and spring protection in Shanxi Province.This paper analyzes the hydrological characteristics of Jinci Spring and Ping Spring located in different discharge areas from three aspects:hydrogeological conditions,water level dynamic law and flow dynamic characteristics.It is found that,Jinci Spring and Ping Spring belong to the same karst water system,but they have their own relatively independent sections.Ping Spring not only receives the recharge from Jinci Spring,but also receives the recharge from the western detention area.Both annual water level dynamics show the characteristics of"first peak and then valley".Compared with Jinci Spring,the interannual water level of Ping Spring is characterized by large fluctuation and variation coefficient,negative skewness and sharp kurtosis.Before the break of the flow,Ping Spring captured part of the flow of Jinci Spring,which was one of the reasons for the rapid attenuation of its flow.During the reflow,the water level of Ping Spring rises rapidly,the characteristics of the first outflow are the indication of the reflow of Jinci Spring.

Abstract:Five basins in Langfang city,Juhe River,Baoqiu River,Longhe River,Yongxing River and Mangniu River,were selected to extract sub-basins based on DEM using ArcGIS,and the extracted basin area,main channel length and channel gradient were analyzed with reference values.The research showed that the larger the basin area,the less affected by the accuracy of DEM data,and the extracted eigenvalues were closer to the reference values.The length of the main channel is less affected by the terrain,so the deviation rate between the extracted value and the reference value is basically acceptable.The deviation rate of channel slope is relatively large,and the main reason is that the original calculation formula is different.Under the condition that the actual value of channel slope cannot be verified,the channel slope extracted based on river network can also be applied.This study further verifies the feasibility of watershed eigenvalues calculated by DEM in practical application.

Abstract:As the digital economy drives high-quality economic and social development,public data is gradually transforming from"resources"to"assets",highlighting the strategic value of hydrological data in flood and drought disaster prevention,water resource utilization,and ecological protection.However,the current hydrological data management still focuses on supporting the business and service industry,and there are problems such as unclear boundaries between data ownership and asset confirmation,contradictions between data sharing and security,and less exploration of data property rights and security technology implementation path,which restrict the release of data value and the improvement of intelligent application level.In order to solve the problem of hydrological data asset management,the paper takes Yunnan hydrological data asset as the research object,expounds the concept and characteristics of hydrological data asset,and deeply analyzes the current situation and existing problems of data asset management.Based on artificial intelligence(AI)technology,the paper explores the protection and application mode of hydrological data assets from the aspects of collection,management,transmission,calculation,governance,model training,sharing and so on.With the help of homomorphic encryption,privacy computing and other technical solutions,a hydrological data asset protection and application technology system of"intelligent collection,asset management,secure computing,data governance,intelligent application"is constructed.The research results show that the technology can improve the efficiency of multi-source data collaboration under the premise of ensuring data security,and provide a technical path and practical scheme for the standardized management,safe protection and efficient utilization of hydrological data assets.It is of great significance to release the value of hydrological data elements and improve the application efficiency of hydrological data assets in the context of digital economy.

Abstract:Soft soil foundation is often encountered in hydraulic engineering design,which has characteristics such as high moisture content and high compressibility.The strength and deformation of natural foundation are difficult to meet the design requirements,and generally cannot be directly used as the foundation of buildings.Engineering measures need to be taken to enhance the strength and stability of the foundation;This article focuses on the problem of soft soil foundation treatment in a certain water gate project.The pine pile treatment technology,which is easy to construct,has a short cycle,and low cost,is taken as the research object.The preliminary layout plan and related technical parameters are selected to calculate the bearing capacity of single piles and their composite foundation,so as to meet the design requirements.Relatively speaking,the pine pile treatment technology has significant advantages in the reinforcement of soft soil foundation in water gates,which can effectively improve the bearing capacity of the foundation soil,reduce the settlement of buildings,and the construction process is economical and environmentally friendly.

Abstract:River-crossing bridges are an important component of urban infrastructure,playing a significant role in strengthening regional connectivity and promoting integrated transportation development.River-crossing bridge construction is closely related to river flood control safety.With the acceleration of urbanization and the increase in extreme climate events,the flood control impact issues of river-crossing bridge engineering have become increasingly prominent.Addressing the impact of river-crossing bridge construction on flood conveyance safety,river regime stability,and levee safety,this paper takes the Dahewan Huaihe River Bridge in Bengbu City as the research object,proposes corresponding compensation measures to mitigate the adverse effects of bridge construction on the river channel and levees.The research results can provide reference for river-crossing bridge engineering.

Abstract:River health evaluation is an important foundation for comprehensively promoting the construction of happy rivers and lakes.Taking the Jiayi River in Luoding City,Guangdong Province as an example,this paper constructs a mountain river health evaluation system with"basin""water""biology"and"social service function"as the criterion layers,and evaluates the health status of the Jiayi River.The results show that the score of the"basin"criterion layer is 88.42,the"water"criterion layer is 82.83,the"biology"criterion layer is 81.60,the"social service function"criterion layer is 83.26,and the comprehensive evaluation score is 84.13.According to the river and lake health evaluation standard classification,the Jiayi River belongs to Class II rivers and lakes.On this basis,the scoring results of each indicator under"basin""water""biology"and"social service function"are further analyzed,the main existing problems of the Jiayi River at the current stage are sorted out,and corresponding countermeasures are proposed.

Abstract:The Shishan North Park Industrial Zone in Foshan City is significantly affected by frequent heavy rainfall,inadequate drainage systems,and low-lying terrain in some areas,resulting in prominent waterlogging problems.By analyzing the current situation and causes of waterlogging accumulation in the industrial zone,this paper proposes comprehensive treatment measures including source reduction,drainage system optimization,and flood control and waterlogging prevention capacity enhancement,and evaluates the implementation effects of the treatment projects.The results show that after comprehensive treatment,the waterlogging problem in the industrial zone has been alleviated.The research results can provide reference for waterlogging treatment in similar areas.

Abstract:Shandong Province currently has 5,241 small reservoirs,mostly distributed in hilly areas.Once a major danger situation that may cause dam break occurs,insufficient preparation,inadequate measures,and untimely emergency rescue will seriously threaten the lives and property of downstream people.To analyze the impact of dam-break floods from small reservoirs in hilly areas,this paper takes the Sanba Reservoir in Zouping,Binzhou as an example,constructs a two-dimensional dam-break flood numerical simulation model,simulates the flood evolution process under the condition of over-standard flood overtopping and instantaneous dam break,analyzes the impact of dam-break floods at different moments on downstream commercial areas,residential areas,and major infrastructure,and calculates the inundation area,flow velocity,and peak arrival time of the dam-break flood.The research results can provide reference for flood control project construction and non-engineering measure management,facilitate maximizing the comprehensive benefits of flood control projects and hold primary significance for flood control and disaster mitigation.

Abstract:Taking a high earth-rock dam project as the research object,this paper conducts multi-parameter coupled seepage analysis of cutoff wall and horizontal drainage using Seep/W finite element software,systematically evaluating the effects of permeability coefficient,burial depth,and drainage length on dam foundation seepage volume and hydraulic gradient.The results show that when the permeability coefficient of the cutoff wall decreases to 10⁻⁹ m/s,the seepage path changes from vertical penetration to seepage around the wall,with a critical threshold of 10 ⁻ ⁷ m/s,at which the dam foundation seepage volume decreases by more than 80%.When the burial depth ratio of the cutoff wall increases to above 0.75,the seepage effect is significantly weakened,and when fully embedded in the dam foundation(burial depth ratio of 1),the hydraulic gradient stabilizes below 0.6.Parameter optimization results show that when the cutoff wall burial depth ratio is 0.75 and the drainage length is 150 m,the seepage volume and hydraulic gradient decrease by 64%and 55%respectively under their synergistic effect,balancing economy and safety.

Abstract:In recent years,clean energy industries such as wind power and photovoltaic power generation in Chengde City have developed rapidly.However,the accompanying problems of soil and water conservation and ecological disturbance caused by project construction have gradually emerged,exacerbating regional soil erosion to a certain extent.Taking the entire area of Chengde City as the research object,the study area is divided into Bashang Plateau,Jieba Mountainous Area,and Yanshan Mountainous Area.Through investigating representative clean energy projects,the characteristics of soil erosion and ecological restoration status during construction and after completion in different regions are summarized.On this basis,targeted management countermeasures and treatment measures are proposed,which can provide reference for soil erosion prevention and regional ecological restoration in similar clean energy project construction.

Abstract:Aiming at the characteristics of small and medium rivers,including strong flood suddenness,short confluence time,and great difficulty in forecast and early warning,this paper explores rapid forecast and early warning methods for small and medium river floods.Taking a hydrological station in Zhejiang Province as an example,historical flood process data of the basin are collected,and regression analysis is used to analyze the correlation between peak-generating rainfall,rainfall duration,and water level rise,constructing a forecast water level quick-reference table based on a linear regression model.Meanwhile,the upstream-downstream water level correlation method is used,combined with mathematical function relationships,to rapidly derive the peak water level at downstream hydrological stations.The research results can provide reference for defense dispatch of small and medium river floods.

Abstract:The construction of smart water conservancy knowledge system relies on the deep integration and intelligent reasoning of multidisciplinary heterogeneous data,in which knowledge graph technology plays an important role.This paper focuses on knowledge graph construction and reasoning methods in the water conservancy field,analyzes their application scenarios in water resource management,disaster early warning,and ecological protection,reviews domestic and international research progress,and summarizes key issues in water conservancy knowledge graph construction including entity recognition,relation extraction,data fusion,and reasoning improvement.Knowledge graph can integrate multimodal data such as text,images,and videos in the water conservancy field,construct a global knowledge network,provide support for smart water conservancy intelligent decision-making and drive the water conservancy industry into the digital and intelligent era.On this basis,this paper analyzes the future development direction of water conservancy knowledge graph,focusing on key technology innovation trends such as nested entity recognition,knowledge reasoning,data fusion,and temporal analysis,providing reference for smart water conservancy knowledge system construction.

Abstract:Addressing the management problems of scattered project sections,high safety risks,and difficult supervision in the flood control repair and reinforcement project of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,a smart construction site management platform adapted to the flood control repair and reinforcement project scenarios was constructed,relying on technologies such as digital twin,Internet of Things,and artificial intelligence.Taking the flood control repair and reinforcement project of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion as the research object,this paper elaborates on the six-level architecture design of"perception-communication-data-platform-application-display"of the platform,describes the construction content including hardware integration,functional module development,and system integration,and verifies the application effectiveness of the smart construction site management platform in safety control,progress management,quality control,and management efficiency enhancement through on-site operation data.The results show that the platform has achieved full-process digital management and control of flood control repair and reinforcement projects,capable of reducing safety risks and improving construction management efficiency,and can provide reference for smart construction site construction in similar water conservancy projects.