Abstract:During the hydration process of mass concrete,large temperature stress is easily generated due to temperature rise and the change of internal and external temperature difference,which further induces cracks and affects the safety and durability of engineering structures.With the wide application of large-flow pump stations in water conservancy projects,the problem of temperature control and crack prevention of mass concrete has become a key technical difficulty in construction.Taking the Jiyun River Estuary Pump Station Project in Tianjin as the background,the finite element analysis software Abaqus is used to carry out numerical simulation on the distribution of temperature field and stress field of the inlet and outlet conduit sections of the pump station under different construction conditions.The variation characteristics of temperature peak and tensile stress under temperature control measures such as water pipe cooling,surface thermal insulation,expansion agent addition,post-pouring belt setting and without temperature control measures are emphatically compared and analyzed.The results show that without temperature control measures,the internal temperature peak and temperature difference of concrete are large,and the generated tensile stress exceeds the tensile strength of C35 concrete,which has cracking risk.After adopting measures such as water pipe cooling,surface thermal insulation and expansion agent addition,the temperature distribution and stress state of concrete are significantly improved.Comprehensive analysis shows that adopting comprehensive temperature control measures such as winter thermal insulation,water pipe cooling,temperature drop rate control(1.0～1.5℃/d)and expansion agent addition can effectively reduce concrete temperature rise and tensile stress,avoid cracks,and improve the long-term stability and durability of the structure.Among them,setting post-pouring belts and adding expansion agent can further reduce the risk of cracks.The research results can provide reference for the temperature control design of mass concrete and the formulation of crack prevention measures in engineering construction.

Abstract:As key infrastructure for alleviating uneven water resources distribution and ensuring regional water use safety,large-scale water diversion projects are characterized by long water conveyance lines,extensive geographical coverage,and large affected populations.During operation,these projects face potential risks from natural environments,human activities,and other aspects,such as water quality exceeding standards and sudden pollution incidents.Therefore,the scientific and rational construction of a risk assessment system for large-scale water diversion projects is of great significance for clarifying risk level distribution and formulating targeted risk prevention and control strategies.Taking large-scale water diversion projects as the research object,this paper employs the risk matrix method to conduct comparative analysis of the integrated method,maximum value method,and k-value method in calculating risk levels of assessment units,aiming to provide scientific basis for safe operation of projects and water quality safety risk management.

Abstract:Aiming at the common problem of coordination between water supply and ecology faced by reservoir ecological water replenishment in humid southern regions,this paper takes Jiaohua Reservoir as the research object and constructs a multi-scenario regulation model.The coupled effects of initial water level,replenishment start month,and ecological replenishment volume on water supply guarantee and ecological benefits are systematically analyzed,with the objective of identifying the optimal regulation strategy under the constraint of water supply satisfaction rate≥95%.The results indicate that 155 m is the effective implementation threshold for ecological water replenishment,175 m is the full-strategy water supply security threshold,and the period from February to April constitutes the optimal replenishment window,with March yielding the best comprehensive benefits.Based on the initial water level,three stages of high,medium,and low are divided,and a differentiated dynamic regulation scheme is proposed.A coupled regulation model of ecological replenishment volume,replenishment start month,and minimum initial storage capacity is established.The phased dynamic regulation strategy proposed in this study achieves a balance between water supply safety and ecological benefits,providing technical support for ecological regulation of similar reservoirs in the Xiangjiang River basin.

Abstract:As an important second-order tributary on the left bank of the Lancang River,the ecological health of the Pu'er River basin is of great significance for regional ecological environment and economic and social development.Based on five factors including current land use,slope,INDV(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index),ecological red line,and water system security,this paper employed the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)to determine weights,combined with GIS spatial overlay analysis technology,and conducted quantitative evaluation and spatial pattern analysis of ecological sensitivity in the river basin.The results indicate that the spatial differentiation of ecological sensitivity in the river basin is significant;extremely sensitive and highly sensitive areas are concentrated in the middle and upper reaches of mountainous regions with prominent ecological fragility;moderately sensitive areas are widely distributed in the middle reaches of hilly zones;and low sensitive and non-sensitive areas are mainly located in downstream valley and gentle platform regions with relatively strong human activity disturbance.This study identified key control areas for ecological protection in the river basin,proposed differentiated ecological protection and restoration countermeasures,and can provide scientific basis for river basin water resources management,soil and water conservation,ecological spatial control,and sustainable development,as well as methodological references for ecological sensitivity evaluation of similar tributaries in southwestern mountainous areas.

Abstract:The EOD model is an innovative path to overcome the funding bottleneck of ecological governance for major linear water conservancy projects and achieve synergy between ecological protection and industrial development.Taking the eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project as the research object,and grounded in the"Two Mountains"theory and the theory of ecological product value realization,this paper constructs a five-dimensional analytical framework for EOD applicable to major linear water conservancy projects.It systematically analyzes the practical characteristics of EOD projects along the route,identifies three dominant project types—water pollution prevention and control,wetland restoration,and mine governance—and proposes three industry-backfeeding pathways:space-enabled,factor-guaranteed,and brand-premium models.Through financial modeling,the feasibility of internalizing governance costs is verified,and cross-regional and cross-departmental collaborative governance is revealed as the core implementation mechanism.Optimization recommendations are put forward from the perspectives of policy coordination,financing innovation,risk prevention and control,and digital empowerment,with the aim of forming replicable and extendable"eastern route experience"to support the green and low-carbon transformation of the national water network and the sustainable development of river basins.

Abstract:To investigate the water temperature structure in large reservoir areas,the impact of discharged water temperature,and the improvement effect of stratified water intake measures,this paper,taking Daigusi Reservoir as the research object,constructed a width-averaged vertical two-dimensional water temperature model,and conducted quantitative analysis of water temperature distribution and discharged water temperature variation under five operational conditions including single-layer water intake,stacked beam gate stratified water intake,and multi-layer fixed water intake outlets.The results indicate that obvious water temperature stratification existed in Daigusi Reservoir from April to September;the single-layer water intake scheme caused low-temperature water effects on the downstream;the stacked beam gate scheme increased discharged water temperature by up to 2.5℃compared with single-layer water intake from April to July;the warming effect of the four-layer fixed water intake outlets was relatively 0.2-0.6℃weaker than that of the stacked beam gate.Significant delay phenomena existed in reservoir discharged water temperature,but were partially alleviated after adopting stratified water intake measures.The research findings can provide references for the design of stratified water intake measures and optimal reservoir operation of large reservoirs.

Abstract:The construction of reservoir dams directly affects river continuity,thereby impacting fish migration and genetic exchange.Constructing fish passage facilities is one of the effective measures to mitigate the impacts of dam construction on fish.As a commonly adopted fish passage facility,the design of fish collection and transport system is related to factors such as the spatiotemporal distribution of fish,habitat environment,living habits,and swimming capacity,with the design focus mainly including the location and structure of the fish entrance and the operating water levels.By summarizing and analyzing the design of fish collection and transport system for specific project,and based on the swimming capacity test results of fish in the project area,combined with the project layout and characteristic water levels,this paper presents the design method and process of the fish collection and transport system,which can serve as a reference for the design of similar projects.

Abstract:Taking the Muchang Ship Lock Project on the North Canal as the research subject,this study conducts technical research on the issue of excessive leakage between the miter gates and the bottom sill.Using the current meter method,leakage detection is conducted at 40 monitoring points.The results show that the qualification rate is only 72.5%,significantly lower than the 90%requirement specified in the relevant code.Through hierarchical analysis,it is identified that"insufficient flatness of the bottom sill surface"is the primary cause of excessive leakage,accounting for 81.8%of the total,with the corner areas being the most critical,accounting for 77.8%.Further cause-verification tests confirm that"inadequate grinding of the corner areas"is the key technical issue.To address this problem,a treatment scheme using angle grinders for fine grinding is proposed.Implementation results demonstrate that the leakage qualification rate increases to 94.2%,exceeding the expected target value of 92%.The research findings can serve as a reference for quality control of gate sealing system construction in similar ship lock projects.

Abstract:As a key industry for critical information infrastructure,the water conservancy industry's industrial control systems are the core carriers for smart water conservancy construction and refined management of water conservancy projects,directly related to basin water security and people's life and property safety.Currently,with increasingly severe global cybersecurity situations,affected by factors such as construction era and technology investment,the industrial control systems of water conservancy projects under the Haihe River Water Conservancy Commission have problems including single safety protection measures,lagging domestic application,and imperfect safety management systems,and existing protection capabilities are difficult to match development needs.Based on relevant laws,regulations,and industry standards such as classified cybersecurity protection,and combined with the actual situation of water conservancy industrial control systems of the Haihe River Water Conservancy Commission,this paper analyzes three categories of protection requirements including basic security,security capability enhancement,and collaborative security.Following the design philosophy of"compliance baseline,architecture-driven,endogenous protection",a three-layer security system of"basic security+enhanced security+collaborative security"is constructed,with the construction content of each level clearly defined.This research provides technical support and practical guidance for safe and stable operation of industrial control systems in water conservancy projects under the Haihe River Water Conservancy Commission,contributing to the enhancement of independent and controllable capabilities and security protection levels of water conservancy industrial control systems.

Abstract:As a border hub and multi-ethnic settlement,the central urban area of Mengla County faces multiple challenges including water source quality risks,insufficient water supply capacity,and rural drinking water safety,with the contradiction between water supply and demand becoming increasingly prominent.Focusing on the development needs of 2035,this paper conducts water supply-demand analysis and allocation research,aiming to establish a safe,reliable,efficient,and intensive multi-source complementary water supply system with quality-based and categorized water distribution to support the sustainable development of towns in border ethnic areas.The per capita daily water consumption method,quota method,and land-use index method are adopted for categorized water demand forecasting.Water availability is calculated based on long-term hydrological series data.Scheme comparison and demonstration are carried out through multi-source water supply comparison,supply-demand balance analysis,quality-based water allocation,and total water use control verification.The results indicate that under the P=95%extreme dry year scenario in 2035,the total water demand of the central urban area is 19.289 million m3,while the total available water supply from existing and planned sources is 14.843 million m3,resulting in a deficit of 4.446 million m3.The Mandan Reservoir is unsuitable as a domestic water source due to unstable water quality caused by non-point source pollution.With the newly constructed Nanxihe Reservoir supplying 4.446 million m3 annually,combined with the Mandan Reservoir,Manzhang Reservoir,Nanxihe Water Diversion Project,and reclaimed water,the multi-source allocation scheme can fully guarantee all types of water demand.This scheme meets the regional total water use control requirements and is technically sound and economically feasible.

Abstract:To optimize the layout of Tuanbowa Flood Detention Basin(hereinafter referred to as Tuanbowa)in the Daqing River System of the Haihe River Basin and resolve the land use conflict between the development of Jinghai District,Tianjin Municipality and the 4～6 km flood discharge channel of Tuanbowa,this paper,based on the premise of flood control safety for super-standard floods in the Daqing River System,employed MIKE FLOOD software to construct a one-and two-dimensional coupled flood routing model,and conducted scientific demonstration for flood discharge channel optimization schemes by integrating data from the Third National Land Survey and the territorial spatial planning of Jinghai District.The originally planned 4～6 km flood discharge channel in Tuanbowa was adjusted to 2～4 km.The simulation results indicate that,on the basis of ensuring safe discharge of super-standard floods in the Daqing River System,the optimized scheme reduced the inundation area of Tuanbowa by 164 km² and alleviated inundation losses;after channel narrowing,the water level within the channel rose by 0.11～0.57 m,while the flood flow velocity remained stable.This study achieves a balance between flood control safety and regional development,providing technical references for the layout optimization of flood detention basins and water conservancy planning and management in the Haihe River Basin.

Abstract:With the steady advancement of ecological civilization construction in China,the criminal governance of illegal sand mining has become an important issue for river and lake governance and water resources security guarantee.Although the Interpretation on Several Issues concerning the Application of Law in the Handling of Criminal Cases of Illegal or Destructive Mining issued by the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate in 2016 provided key normative basis for the criminal governance of illegal sand mining,judicial practice still faces dilemmas including low criminal transfer rates,imbalanced legal interest evaluation,and conflicts of competing charges.Through dogmatic analysis,this paper proposed the special composite legal interest of illegal sand mining cases compared with illegal mining.Aiming at the virtual displacement problem of ecological environment legal interest in judicial practice,it is suggested that the legal status of appraisal and assessment subject be granted to river basin management agencies through institutional design to lower the threshold for ecological damage assessment.Regarding legal application,it is advocated that the crime of illegal mining and the crime of theft should constitute statutory competition of provisions,and conviction and sentencing should follow the principle that special law prevails over general law,so as to maintain the administrative-criminal boundary of illegal sand mining cases.In addition,aiming at the logical paradox of administrative prerequisite procedures caused by amendments to relevant legal norms,it is proposed that a three-layer hierarchical governance structure of"administrative order—administrative penalty—criminal sanction"be constructed,achieving organic unity between river and lake resources development and ecological environment protection through comprehensive governance with clear normative hierarchy and effective administrative-criminal connection.

Abstract:The construction area of Muchang Ship Lock on the North Canal is located in a seismic zone of intensity VIII.Geological investigation revealed hidden dangers including insufficient bearing capacity in the upper layer and seismic liquefaction risk in the middle saturated sand layer.Taking the composite ground treatment of vibro-replacement stone column of this project as the research object,this paper focused on three core issues:optimization of design parameters and geological adaptability,control of pile compactness and permeability,and multi-method testing and effect evaluation.The results indicate that optimized design parameters can adapt to site geology and solve the problem of insufficient upper bearing capacity;reasonable control of construction technology can improve pile compactness and ensure permeability meets standards;verification by multiple testing methods shows that the liquefaction grade of composite ground is controlled within the non-liquefaction to slight liquefaction range,with bearing capacity reaching over 180 kPa.The research can provide theoretical and practical references for projects with similar geological conditions in seismic zones.

Abstract:As a critical drinking water source for Tianjin and Tangshan cities,Panda Reservoir was investigated to accurately understand the phytoplankton community structure,spatiotemporal distribution,and current aquatic ecological status,and to clarify water nutritional state and algal bloom risk.From May to October annually(with intensified monitoring during the August cyanobacteria high-incidence period),10 sampling sections were established in the reservoir area for qualitative and quantitative phytoplankton surveys,with multiple water environmental parameters measured synchronously.A total of more than 128 species belonging to 8 phyla were identified,with Cyanophyta showing the highest proportion in community composition;Pseudanabaena,Scenedesmus,and Chlamydomonas were determined as the dominant species.The phytoplankton in the reservoir area exhibited obvious seasonal succession characteristics,and the water body was classified as cyanobacteria-diatom type.Water quality evaluation results indicate that the reservoir water quality was rated as Class II,meeting or exceeding Class III water standards;although slight algal bloom risk existed in local waters,the cyanobacteria outbreak trend had been effectively curbed.This study provides basic data and scientific basis for aquatic ecological monitoring,water source protection,and algal risk prevention and control in the reservoir area.

Abstract:Floods in small and medium rivers in northern grassland areas are characterized by strong suddenness,short forecast period,and obvious blind spots in monitoring coverage,posing severe challenges to flood control and disaster reduction work.Taking the flood control practice during the 2025 flood season in Xilingol League as the research object,this paper employed a method combining field investigation and systematic analysis to construct a"monitoring guarantee,early warning service,and collaborative linkage"trinity service system for grassroots hydrology.The practice results indicate that after the system operation,the early warning accuracy reached approximately 76%,and the average emergency response time in 2025 was 2.5 hours,shortened by nearly 30%compared with 3.6 hours in 2024.However,problems still exist at present,including unbalanced monitoring station network coverage,low application level of intelligent monitoring,and insufficient professional talent support.Based on this,optimization strategies are proposed,including improving the whole-area monitoring network,strengthening digital technology application,improving cross-department collaborative mechanisms,and promoting service extension to grassroots levels,which can provide practical references for hydrological modernization construction in grassland pastoral areas and similar areas in the upper reaches of the Haihe River Basin.

Abstract:Compared with conventional reservoirs,the determination of project scale for diversion-type reservoir projects has significant differences,with a relatively complex engineering system.Technical difficulties include the coupling between diversion system and regulation reservoir scale,strong water quantity constraints in dry years,and the difficulty in balancing engineering investment and benefits.The scale demonstration requires the coordination of multi-dimensional elements including hydrology,geology,engineering,economy,and ecology,which is more complex than conventional reservoirs.The Shicaogou Reservoir Hub Project is located in Gejiatai Gully,Fuping County,undertaking water supply tasks for domestic and irrigation use in the county town and surrounding areas,and consists of the Longwangzhuang barrage dam,diversion tunnel,and Shicaogou Reservoir.By analyzing the influence of different diversion scales and diversion periods of the Longwangzhuang diversion tunnel on the reservoir scale,the scale of the entire system project was determined.This study aims to provide reference for the scale demonstration of similar multi-purpose water conservancy hub projects.

Abstract:Taking the orifice-combined overflow fishway in Nimaumaqu River as the research object,this paper constructs a proportional three-dimensional numerical model based on the FLOW-3D platform to carry out refined hydraulic characteristic simulation,aiming to reveal the internal flow patterns,evaluate the rationality of design,and provide support for engineering optimization and operation and maintenance.The computational domain has a total length of 63 m,with a rectangular channel net width of 1.5 m,and a longitudinal slope of 5.7%.A total of 38 centrally arranged single circular orifice baffles are arranged with a spacing of 1.5 m and a hole diameter of 0.25 m.A structured grid with a cell size of 0.06 m is adopted,resulting in a total of 1.76 million elements,and the grid independence is verified to ensure reliability.The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are selected and boundary conditions are set based on normal hydrology for steady-state simulation.Through post-processing,parameters such as flow pattern,flow velocity,and turbulent kinetic energy are extracted,and their spatial distribution patterns are analyzed,with the influence of key parameters of the fishway being identified and evaluated.The results indicate that the design parameter s of the fishway are reasonably matched,with stable internal flow patterns and uniform flow velocity and water depth distribution.The hydraulic environment is suitable for the migration of indigenous small fish species,with only weak eddies exist at baffle corners,which may be slightly optimized.The research findings can provide data support for the implementation of this fishway project and references for the design and simulation of similar river fishways.

Abstract:Objective To observe the effect of early application of edaravone and dexborneol in the treatment of H-type hypertension with first stroke after intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase and changes of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.Methods A total of 140 patients with H-type hypertension and first-episode cerebral infarction admitted to the Third People's Hospital of Nanning,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2020 to December 2023 were enrolled.All patients received intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase,as well as edaravone and dexborneol was given intravenous infusion within 24 h after thrombolysis.The clinical efficacy was evaluated after 14 d of treatment,and the levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in patients with different treatment effects were compared.Restricted cubic spline model(RCS)was used to analyze the relationship between the above indicators and the treatment effect.Results After 14 d of treatment,2 cases were cured,69 cases were markedly effective,44 cases were effective,and 25 cases were ineffective.There were 115 cases(82.1％)in the effective group and 25 cases(17.9％)in the ineffective group.The infarct size and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score after 14 d of treatment in the ineffective group were greater/higher than those in the effective group(all P＜0.05).At 12,24 and 72 h after treatment,the levels of hs-CRP,IL-6,TNF-α and homocysteine in the ineffective group were higher than those in the effective group(all P＜0.05).RCS analysis showed that the levels of hs-CRP,IL-6 and TNF-α had a non-linear dose-response relationship with the response to intravenous thrombolysis combined with edaravone and desborneol.The incidence of poor 90-day prognosis in patients with high hs-CRP,IL-6 and TNF-α levels was higher than that in patients with low hs-CRP,IL-6 and TNF-α levels(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Early administration of edaravone and dexborneol after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with H-type hypertension and cerebral infarction could provide cerebral protection.The levels of hs-CRP,IL-6 and TNF-α showed non-linear dose-response relationship with the therapeutic effect.

Abstract:For patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS),veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(VV-ECMO)can drain blood from the venous system through a gas exchange device and then return to the venous system,thereby promoting oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal in ARDS patients,and allowing the natural lung to achieve"lung rest"during this period.However,there is still a lack of consensus on the optimal ventilator setting during VV-ECMO in the treatment of severe ARDS.In recent years,lung protective ventilation has been widely used,and prone position ventilation and inhaled nitric oxide can also be used as options for the treatment of ARDS patients.The purpose of this review is to describe the application of VV-ECMO in ARDS patients and the ventilation strategy.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of allicin injection combined with conventional antibiotics in the treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia(CAP)and its influence on antibiotics use density(AUD)and bacterial clearance rate.Methods Patients with CAP admitted to National Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from July 2022 to July 2024 were selected as the research objects.According to whether combined with allicin injection antibacterial treatment,they were divided into observation group(127 cases)and control group(167 cases).Based on the principle of propensity score matching,115 pairs of patients in the two groups were matched,of which 115 patients in the observation group were treated with conventional antibiotics combined with allicin injection,and 115 patients in the control group were treated with conventional antibiotics.The clinical efficacy,improvement of clinical symptoms,pathogen clearance rate,length of hospital stay,and AUD were compared between the two groups.Results There was no significant difference in the total effective rate of CAP patients between the two groups after antimicrobial treatment(P=1.000),but the clinical cure rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group[30.4％(35/115)vs 14.8％(17/115)](P=0.005).After treatment,the pneumonia severity index and CURB-65 scores of the two groups were lower than those before treatment,and those of the observation group were lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the clearance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae,Streptococcus pneumoniae,Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii between the two groups after treatment(all P＞0.05).However,the overall pathogen clearance rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group[98.3％(113/115)vs 87.8％(101/115)](P=0.002).The hospitalization time of the observation group was shorter than that of the control group[(6.0±1.8)dvs(9.7±2.4)d],and the AUD value was lower than that of the control group[(4.6±1.0)vs(7.7±1.7)](both P＜0.001).Conclusion Allicin injection combined with antibiotics in the treatment of CAP can significantly improve the clinical cure rate,improve the bacterial clearance rate,reduce AUD,and shorten the length of hospital stay.