摘要：Children are highly susceptible to influenza and are at high risk for severe cases.Chinese patent medicine(CPM)offers advantages in treating pediatric influenza,but the issue of its improper use is increasingly prevalent in clinical practice.To address this,we adopted a dual leadership approach involving clinical and methodological experts,guided by evidence-based and clinical practice principles.We referred to existing guidelines,consensus statements,and treatment protocols,and designed relevant clinical questions based on the"3 specific"principles:specific CPM,specific disease stages,and specific outcomes.This allowed us to conduct evidence-based evaluations of the efficacy and application of CPMs specifically designed for children or with pediatric dosages.Using the"Checklist for Reporting Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicines V1.0"developed by our research team,we formulated recommendations for CPM.Ultimately,13 CPMs were recommended,providing clinicians with references on"how to select medication"and"how to use medication."

摘要：Background:The global rise in angina pectoris,a symptom of coronary artery disease,is primarily attributed to an aging population and increasing prevalence of comorbidities.This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of Dazhu Hongjingtian injection(DZHJTI)as an adjunct treatment for both stable and unstable angina,thereby addressing a significant gap in current cardiac care research. Methods:This comprehensive study involves 2 parallel prospective cohorts across 28 medical centers in China,enrolling 1500 patients with stable angina and 2000 with unstable angina.Participants are randomized into 2 groups:one receiving the DZHJTI alongside standard therapy and the other receiving standard therapy alone.The study employs advanced statistical methods like Subgroup Analysis and Marginal Mean Weighting Through Stratification to analyze data accurately. Discussion:The primary outcome of this study is the reduction in the frequency of angina attacks posttreatment.Secondary outcomes include the evaluation of patient well-being through clinical measures such as nitrate dosage requirements,vital sign stability,electrocardiogram changes,and laboratory data.Patient-reported outcomes from targeted questionnaires will also be assessed to understand the impact on quality of life.The study's results are expected to contribute significantly to the understanding of DZHJTI's role in treating angina pectoris,potentially influencing future treatment guidelines.

摘要：This paper systematically reviews the development course of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) standardization. Based on the characteristics of TCM standardization at different stages,the development course can be divided into 3 stages,namely the"initial development stage"(from the 1980s to the"10th Five-Year Plan"period),the"rapid development stage"(from the"11th Five-Year Plan"period to the"13th Five-Year Plan"period),and the"high-quality development stage"(from the"14th Five-Year Plan"period to the present). The"initial development stage"is characterized by the emergence of awareness regarding TCM standardization,the initial exploration of TCM standardization,and a gradual but slow progress in development. During the"rapid development stage,"relevant government departments began integrating TCM standardization into development plans,resulting in the extensive development of the TCM standard system and its supporting structures. Since the commencement of the"high-quality development stage,"TCM stan-dardization has progressively shifted from a quantity-oriented model to 1 emphasizing quality and efficiency. Overall,TCM standardi-zation has made remarkable progress after more than 40 years of development. However,it still faces various challenges,including unbalanced development in the standard system,the need for improvement in the development quality of group standards,andinsufficient levels of promotion and application. It is recommended to further enhance the formulation of national and industry TCM standards,implement relevant management measures,promote the innovative implementation and application of TCM standards,establish an integrated,comprehensive service platform for TCM standards,and strengthen the talent training for TCM standardization.

摘要：The differences between traditional Chinese medicine clinical terminological system (TCMCTS) and systematized nomenclature of medicine-clinical terms are analyzed. The principles,first-level hierarchy,concept-defined method,and future application of TCMCTS based on ISO 19465:2017 are also introduced. TCMCTS fully covers the concepts of traditional Chinese medicine clinical terms and the logical expression of these concepts,provides the basis for semantic retrieval,knowledge,and reasoning,contributes to traditional Chinese medicine clinical data cleaning,standardization,and structured storage,and promotes the sharing and utilization of clinical data.

摘要：The standardization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM),occupying a critical position in the development of TCM,is a basic,strategic,and overall work.In this study,we initially referred to data from the National Public Service Platform for Standards Information,the National Group Platform for Standards Information,and the collection of materials from the National Library of Standards,and then performed a comprehensive analysis of 1426 pieces of TCM standards related information among them.Based on the analytic results,the number of releases,the regional distribution of drafting institutions,and the standard contribution index of 3 major categories (basic general,technology,and management) of TCM and their 16 subcategories were systematically exhibited.According to the ranking of the drafting unit in the standard,the corresponding standard development contribution index is given,and with the standard development contribution index as the main line,the current situation and existing problems of standardization development in Beijing are analyzed.Suggestions were put forward to improve the framework of the Chinese medicine standard system,optimize the industrial structure of Chinese medicine,promote the interactive development of Chinese medicine science and technology innovation and standardization,and promote the implementation and application of Chinese medicine standards.

摘要：Introduction:Internal heat-type acupuncture therapy is a new therapeutic method that integrates acupuncture and heat therapy and effectively reduces local muscle inflammation.It has a good effect on the clinical application of osteoporosis.The purpose of this study was to assess the improvement of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) after internal heat-type acupuncture treatment as well as its role in promoting the balance of bone remodeling in the GIOP rabbit model by regulating the triplet of osteoprotegerin(OPG)-receptor activator of nuclear factor-KB ligand (RANKL)-receptor activator of nuclear factor-KB (RANK). Methods:The rabbits were divided into the control,model (GIOP),GIOP+Alendronate,and GIOP+Internal heat-type acupuncture groups,with 8 rabbits in each group.At the end of the treatment,all rabbits were sacrificed.The pathologic changes of lumbar vertebrae were observed by x-ray,the morphology of lumbar trabecular bone was observed by HE staining,and the apoptosis of lumbar vertebrae was detected by Tunel.The protein expressions of OPG,RANKL,and RANK in lumbar vertebrae were detected by immunohistochemistry staining,immunofluorescence staining,and Western blotting. Results:Internal heat-type acupuncture partly prevented osteopenia among GIOP-induced rabbits,improved the morphology of lumbar vertebrae,and inhibited the apoptosis of lumbar vertebrae osteocytes.Moreover,by increasing the protein expression level of OPG and reducing the protein expression of RANKL and RANK,internal heat-type acupuncture effectively promoted the balance of bone remodeling and eventually achieved the treatment of GIOP. Conclusion:Internal heat-type acupuncture therapy may promote the balance of bone remodeling by regulating the triplet of osteoprotegerin-receptor activator of nuclear factor-KB ligand-receptor activator of nuclear factor-KB,thereby treating osteoporosis which was induced by glucocorticoid.

摘要：Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)medical records represent the clinical practice records of physicians,encapsulating a wealth of TCM clinical diagnosis and treatment experiences as well as academic thoughts of numerous TCM practitioners.Such various information provides certain basic conditions for the integration of artificial intelligence(AI)technology with TCM.Through analyzing successful clinical records,AI technology can extract practical and understandable knowledge.Therefore,this paper summarizes and analyzes the application of information technology in the field of knowledge discovery research from Chinese medical records.It focuses on 3 key aspects:the resources of TCM Medical Records,the objects of TCM records mining,and the application of AI technology.The aim is to provide beneficial references for maximizing the value of TCM medical records.

摘要：Materia medica literature is a vital carrier for materia medica research.The standardization of research on materia medica literature is an important prerequisite and a key link in the process of digging and sorting out materia medica literature.Currently,some research regarding literature of materia medica ancient books has the property of standardization,and corresponds with the core concept of traditional Chinese medicine standardization.This study systematically collated the ancient books with a standardized nature of materia medica literature throughout history,and deeply summarized the current research situation analysis of materia medica literature with a standardized nature,based on the brief exploration against the significance of standardization in materia medica literature.Accordingly,further analyses were conducted on the limitation of the preliminary exploration of materia medica literature standardization based on ancient books,in an attempt to provide strategic suggestions for future work on materia medica literature standardization,and promote the scientific,normalized,and standardized development of materia medica research.

摘要：Objective:To construct the knowledge graph of Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing,analyze basic knowledge of materia medica,explore implicit knowledge,and conduct visualization display,as well as provide methodological references for the study of ancient traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)books. Background:The research and utilization of ancient TCM books are relatively limited at present.With the rapid development of artificial intelligence,knowledge graph-related technology has brought light to this field. Methods:The types of knowledge entities and relationships between entities in Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing were analyzed.A training corpus data set was produced by using the begin-inside-outside sequence labeling method,a self-developed Chinese natural language processing text labeling system was used for text labeling,the bidirectional encoder representations from transformers model was used to recognize named entities,the relationships between entities were set based on rules and semantic associations,the data into the Neo4j-community 4.4.9 graph database was imported by using Cypher language for storage and visualization display after knowledge fusion,and finally,a knowledge graph was constructed. Results:The knowledge graph of Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing included 5273 nodes and 11,064 relationships.The schema layer contained 14 entity types and 15 relationship types.Through the query,knowledge can be visualized from the aspects of classification,property,and 7 mutual relationships of herbal combinations. Conclusion:The knowledge graph constructed in this study directly refiects the knowledge recorded in Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing and the relationship between them,which is suitable for knowledge mining and intuitive multidimensional display of ancient TCM books.

摘要：Objective:Alveolar macrophages(AMs)are involved in the development and progression of a variety of lung diseases.It is of great significance to explore the pathogenesis of diseases and evaluate the efficacy of drugs.However,there is no standard process for extracting primary AM.Nitidine chloride(NC)is an alkaloid extracted from Zanthoxylum nitidum(Roxb.)DC.,which has an anti-tumour pharmacological effect.However,there is no evidence that NC has a direct effect on colorectal cancer cell lung metastasis.The purpose of this study was to establish a standard for the extraction of primary AM from mice and to investigate the pharmacodynamics of NC in mice with lung metastases to colorectal cancer. Methods:The standard for the extraction of mouse primary AM by lavage was established.Western blot and polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the regulatory mechanism of NC in the treatment of lung metastasis in mice by macrophage phenotype and glycolysis level. Results:The results showed that sufficient quantity and quality of primary AM could be obtained by optimizing extraction steps,and AM obtained by this method could accurately reflect disease progression.At the same time,NC can effectively reduce colorectal cancer lung metastasis in mice.From the mechanism,NC can inhibit the expression of M2 macrophage markers and the levels of mRNA and proteins of the glycolysis-limiting enzyme. Conclusions:Our results show that primary AM that accurately reflects disease and assesses pharmacological effects can be obtained using our established criteria.The inhibitory effect of NC on colorectal cancer lung metastasis may be attributed to its regulation of macrophage phenotype and glycolysis.

摘要：Objective:This study investigated the causation between Sjögren syndrome(SS)and rheumatoid arthritis(RA)based on Mendelian randomization(MR),with the purpose of promoting research on the academic thought of distinguished veteran doctors of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)through bioinformatics with information technology and providing a new basis for better inheriting and carrying forward the valuable experience of a National Master of TCM,Zhizheng Lu. Methods:The causation between RA and SS in TCM was inferred from the perspective of coordination between dryness and dampness.For further assessment,MR was performed based on the summary data of genome-wide association studies,with genetic loci closely related to SS(instrumental variables),RA(research outcome),inverse-variance weighted and MR-Egger regression and weighted median(WME;main MR methods).Heterogeneity was evaluated by the Cochran Q test,pleiotropy by MR-Egger regression,and robustness by the"leave-one-out"method. Results:Except for MR-Egger,all other methods showed a clear statistical significance in the association between SS and RA(P<0.05). Conclusion:This study,based on the academic thought of a distinguished TCM veteran doctor and the thought of"moistening dryness"of the National Master of TCM,Zhizheng Lu,speculated that there may be a potential association between SS and RA.MR results demonstrated the clear genetic causation between SS and RA,and the guiding role of the academic thought of distinguished TCM veteran doctors in clinical practice genetically.

摘要：Objective:To validate whether orally administered capsules of alkaloids from the leaves of Alstonia scholaris(CALAS)can improve the clinical indices of acute bronchitis and to investigate the alterations in the relationship between its composition and pharmacodynamic markers,thereby providing a clinical reference for the administration of this medication. Methods:This is a prospectively planned,blinded,placebo-controlled,parallel-grouped clinical trial with aggregated population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics(PPK/PPD)data.A total of 55 subjects will be randomly allocated into 4 arms;specifically,10 of the 55 subjects will be selected randomly for the placebo arm,and will be orally administered placebo(Tid),and 45 subjects will be randomly assigned to CALAS treatment groups(20 mg,40 mg,and 80 mg Tid,at 15 subjects per group).The medication,presence of cough and phlegm,as well as body temperature of every subject,will be recorded daily during treatment.About 3-4 blood samples will be collected from each subject at the following points for PPK/PPD parameters analysis:at pre-dose(0 h)and post-dose at 15 minutes,40 minutes,1 hour,1.5 hours,2 hours,3 hours,4 hours,6 hours,8 hours,12 hours,24 hours,30 hours,and 48 hours after last dosing.All the subjects will be subjected to a laboratory examination and efficacy evaluation on day 8. Discussion:A new integrating strategy to explore the relationship among drug components,action pathways,and clinical efficacy will be established through this study.We aim to explore the mechanism of action of CALAS in the treatment of acute bronchitis on the premise of definite active ingredients and reliable clinical efficacy.It is difficult to enroll patients in classic pharmacokinetics research because it adopts an intensive sampling method,and it cannot quantify the variability of pharmacokinetics parameters(intraindividual variation,interindividual variation,and weekly variation).Moreover,the extrapolation and prediction of dosage regimens in different species and populations cannot be achieved.Therefore,the PPK/PPD method,which takes advantage of sparse data(3-5 time points sampling per patient),is adopted to determine the measurable pathologic and physiological factors that can influence dose concentration to guide reasonable dose adjustment toward achieving optimal clinical effects.

摘要：This paper summarizes the pathogenesis of impaired inflammation and reward function in depression with the therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Depression has become one of the most common severe psychiatric dis-orders.The midbrain DA system includes the dopaminergic(DAergic)center of the VTA and several inner brain regions,including NAc,PFC,hippocampus,etc.,which are often found to have abnormal functions in depression.Inflammatory mechanisms of depression,including cytokines and other inflammation-related mechanisms.Studies also found that inflammation can promote depression by affecting reward function.Depression belongs to the categories of"stagnation disease"in TCM,with syndromes of TCM,including liver depression and qi stagnation,liver stagnation with spleen deficiency,qi stagnation transforming into fire,intermingled phlegm and qi,deficiency of the heart and spleen,as well as kidney defi-ciency and liver stagnation.TCM regulates inflammation and reward function that ameliorates depression.This summary provides new perspectives and approaches for the treatment of depression.

摘要：Objective:To explore the event-related potential(ERP)differences of people with typical traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)"five-state personality"in the task of judging the emotional attributes(positive,neutral,and negative)of Chinese words. Methods:The"five-state personality test"was applied to screen the typical TCM"five-state personality,"and 3 groups were established,including positive personality,negative personality,and atypical personality.The differences in electroencephalogram(EEG)components in the task of judging the emotional attributes of Chinese words were collected using ERPs.The 3 personality groups×3 words with emotional attributes were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance(ANOVA). Results:The N1 and P300 components were induced successfully.The analysis of the mean values of corresponding electrodes in the left frontal lobe,right frontal lobe,frontal lobe,and parietal lobe showed that in the typical negative personality group,the absolute value of N1 amplitude was smaller in the prefrontal and frontal lobes,and the latency was shorter in the left frontal lobe,while in the typical positive personality group,the absolute value of N1 amplitude was larger in the left frontal lobe.In the prefrontal and frontal lobes,the N1 peak absolute value of negative words was higher,the latency was longer,and the N1 latency of neutral words was shorter.The N1 latency of positive words was shorter in the parietal lobe.In the right frontal and frontal lobes,the P300 peak of negative words was higher,and the latency was longer,while the latency of positive words was longer in the parietal lobe.In addition,there was some interaction between personality groups and emotional attributes of words. Conclusions:When people with typical"five-state personality"judge the emotional attributes of words,the absolute value of N1 amplitude in the left prefrontal lobe of typical positive personality group is high,while that of typical negative personality group is small,and the latency is short.The P300 latency of negative words is longer in the right frontal and frontal lobes,and that of positive words is longer in the parietal lobes,with a more significant difference in the positive personality group.

摘要：High-quality traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)guidelines can standardize the clinical practices of relevant health care profes-sionals,enhance medical quality,reduce health care costs,and promote the standardization of TCM.This article provides a summary and analysis of the status and quality of guidelines in the TCM.In addition,it briefiy introduces the reporting standards for 3 types of TCM guidelines,aiming to serve as a reference for those involved in the development and reporting of TCM guidelines.

摘要：Objective:To keep up with the progress of treatment for myopia in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)through literature research,so as to determine data source of TCM diagnosis and treatment for myopia,from which entities are extracted for integration of relevant knowledge,and further formal expression and visualization of knowledge. Methods:Literature research and comparative analysis were used to determine the data source,and the 7-step method of constructing ontology was referred to for extraction of TCM diagnosis and treatment entities,which then was terminalized for development of classes and class hierarchy,and class properties,as well as creation of instances before consistency test of the ontology. Results:The ontology of TCM diagnosis and treatment for myopia includes 26 classes and 124 instances,9 object properties,and 1 data property. Conclusion:The combination of ontology technology and TCM diagnosis and treatment knowledge of myopia contributes to the construction of a knowledge base of TCM diagnosis and treatment ontology for myopia,which realizes formal expression and visualization of relevant TCM knowledge,lays a foundation for the construction of TCM top-level ontology and ophthalmology ontology,and facilitates knowledge reusing and sharing.

摘要：In the journey towards the modernization and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),standards and standar-dization emerge as indispensable foundational elements and carry strategic significance.By introducing the concepts of standards and standardization,this article emphasizes their essential roles as the base of modern industry and the core of modernization efforts.It revisits the development plans and national strategies for TCM,highlighting the pivotal role of standardization in the inheritance and innovation within the TCM discipline.The standardization of TCM specialties is underscored for its critical function in both inheriting and innovating,as well as enhancing the international competitiveness of TCM.Through discussing the specific practices in standardizing the TCM specialty of spleen and stomach diseases,the article advocates for strengthening top-level design and advancing the systematic construction of the TCM specialty standards system.It suggests employing a variety of methods,including expert consultations and literature research,to refine the standardization processes of TCM clinical diagnosis and treatment techniques.This approach ensures that the work on specialty standardization not only meets practical needs but also possesses foresight and scientific validity.

摘要：Pediatric fingerprint diagnosis,as a characteristic meridian diagnosis method in pediatrics,is widely used in clinical practice,the therapeutic principles of which are explored by summarizing the historical and contemporary descriptions in this study.From the perspectives of the relationship between pediatric fingerprints with collaterals,meridians,and specific areas in the index finger,theoretical discussions are conducted to elucidate how acupuncture and moxibustion theory influence the formation of pediatric fingerprint diagnosis,which provides new ideas for clinical practice.On this basis,the recognition and application of collateral diagnosis in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion,as well as the guiding significance of theoretical construction for clinical practice,are dissected.

摘要：Quality control of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is fundamental to ensuring its clinical efficacy,with TCM formulas being the primary form used in clinical practice.Current quality control methods for TCM formulas often rely on pharmacopoeial standards for individual medicinal materials,typically encompassing only characteristic or partial active ingredients.These methods fail to fully reflect the clinical efficacy of TCM formulas.Consequently,exploring the multiple efficacious components in TCM formulas and establishing the correlation between multicomponent content and efficacy has become an urgent issue in the modern quality assessment of TCM formulas.The quality marker has emerged as a crucial standard in this field,achieving notable success in recent years.This paper reviews recent progress in the development of the quality marker system in TCM by highlighting strategies based on the correlation between efficacy and constituents,using analytical techniques to investigate the material basis and efficacy of TCM.However,the aforementioned methods inevitably involve human selection factors.With the widespread application of artificial intelligence learning algorithms,it is now possible to develop a modern quality evaluation method for the multicomponent"efficacy-quality"correlation in TCM formulas.This approach leverages artificial intelligence techniques to explore novel and quantifiable methods for scientific and rational quality control in TCM formulas.In this paper,important future directions and questions in this field are also discussed.

摘要：Standards are indispensable to innovation,providing shared norms for participants to work together to bring new technological solutions.As a type of"universal language"throughout the world,standards are the commanding heights of the competition of the current high and new technology industry.