Human cerebral organoids:Complex,versatile,and human-relevant models of neural development and brain diseases
Raquel Coronel1
Rosa González-Sastre2
Patricia Mateos-Martínez2
Laura Maeso3
Elena Llorente-Beneyto2
Sabela Martín-Benito2
Viviana S.Costa Gagosian4
Leonardo Foti4
Ma Carmen González-Caballero5
Victoria López-Alonso3
Isabel Liste1
1.Unidad de Regeneración Neural,Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas(UFIEC),Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ(ISCⅢ),Majadahonda(Madrid),Spain2.Unidad de Regeneración Neural,Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas(UFIEC),Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ(ISCⅢ),Majadahonda(Madrid),Spain;Unidad de Biología Computacional,Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas(UFIEC),Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ(ISCⅢ),Majadahonda(Madrid),Spain;Doctoranda en la Escuela Internacional de Doctorado de la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia(UNED),Programa en Ciencias Biomédicas y Salud Pública,Madrid,Spain3.Unidad de Biología Computacional,Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas(UFIEC),Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ(ISCⅢ),Majadahonda(Madrid),Spain4.Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology,Laboratory of Trypanosomatids Molecular and Systemic Biology,Carlos Chagas Institute(ICC)-Fiocruz Paraná,Curitiba,Brazil5.Unidad de Evaluación de Riesgo,Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental(CNSA),Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ(ISCⅢ),Majadahonda(Madrid),Spain
摘要：The brain is the most complex human organ,and commonly used models,such as two-dimensional-cell cultures and animal brains,often lack the sophistication needed to accurately use in research.In this context,human cerebral organoids have emerged as valuable tools offering a more complex,versatile,and human-relevant system than traditional animal models,which are often unable to replicate the intricate architecture and functionality of the human brain.Since human cerebral organoids are a state-of-the-art model for the study of neurodevelopment and different pathologies affecting the brain,this field is currently under constant development,and work in this area is abundant.In this review,we give a complete overview of human cerebral organoids technology,starting from the different types of protocols that exist to generate different human cerebral organoids.We continue with the use of brain organoids for the study of brain pathologies,highlighting neurodevelopmental,psychiatric,neurodegenerative,brain tumor,and infectious diseases.Because of the potential value of human cerebral organoids,we describe their use in transplantation,drug screening,and toxicology assays.We also discuss the technologies available to study cell diversity and physiological characteristics of organoids.Finally,we summarize the limitations that currently exist in the field,such as the development of vasculature and microglia,and highlight some of the novel approaches being pursued through bioengineering.
机标关键词：developmentversatilemodelsbraincerebralcomplexdiseaseshuman-relevant
论文发表日期：2026-03-30
在线出版日期：2026-03-18（本平台首次上网日期，不代表文献的发表时间）
页数：18( 837-854 )
英文信息