摘要：Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a frailty scale for the elderly in China and to examine its reliability and validity.Methods: The method of convenient sampling was used to select 375 elderly individuals in different communities of Tianjin, China. EuroQol-5D was used to evaluate the criterion validity. Cronbach's α coefficients, correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, criterion-related validity, and internal consistency were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale. To evaluate the test-retest reliability, 30 old people were re-evaluated after 2 weeks.Results: The final version of the frailty scale (FI-35) consisted of 35 items. Eleven factors were extracted by a principal factor analysis and varimax rotation, with a cumulative contribution of 86.00%. Eleven dimensions were positively correlated (r = 0.130-0.541, P < 0.01). Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.952,and the alpha coefficients of 11 dimensions ranged from 0.730 to 0.992. The test-retest reliability was 0.874 for the total scale. The split-half reliability of the scale was 0.808. Structural equation modeling was used to perform a confirmatory factor analysis, and various parameters were all acceptable.Conclusions: FI-35 met the requirement of scale development and showed good reliability and validity;thus, it can be used as an efficient frailty measurement tool for Chinese elderly.

摘要：Acute myocardial infarction ( AMI) is a dangerous disease with a high mortality rate. For AMI patients, the outcome of the patients depends on time to beginning of effective treatment in addition to other factors such as severity of disease and involved vessels etc. The key is whether reperfusion therapy is started early enough after the onset of symptoms, and the benefit of reperfu-sion therapy depends on the time, too. The delay of AMI treatment is divided into pre-hospital de-lay and in-hospital delay. In-hospital delay, Door-to-Balloon Time, has been well controlled. Pre-hospital delay, accounting for 75% of the total delay time, is the most important factor affect-ing AMI treatment. Patient delay ( PD) time for AMI patients is summarised in this study.

摘要：Nursing models at home and abroad for breast cancer patients during the perioperative period were screened,including eight types of models:the nursing model guided by self-care theory,the plar-do-check-act cycle combined with the four-in-one model,the peer support nursing model,the nursing model guided by transcultural theory,the multidisciplinary cooperative nursing model,the knowledge-attitude-practice nursing model,the safe nursing management model,and the case nursing model.These models were analyzed and described with the aim of providing a reference for the clinical breast surgery nursing staff in China and for promoting the development of nursing in China for breast cancer during the perioperative period.

摘要：With the steady increase of older people in society, a progressively greater number of patients belonging to the geriatric group need surgical treatment. Since elderly patients with reduced physiological reserve and organ failure often have chronic diseases, geriatric syndrome, and other clinical problems, the perioperative nursing of elderly patients is more complicated. Therefore, we need to comprehensively consider clinical issues, such as patients' preoperative status, surgical risks, and postoperative quality of life and life expectancy, and conduct comprehensive evaluations and holistic, individualized, and continuous nursing and therapy through the participation of interdisciplinary teams to achieve better curative effects. Here, the perioperative nursing of elderly patients is reviewed, including preoperative evaluation and nursing, intraoperative management, and postoperative nursing.

摘要：Objective: The objective of this study was to reduce or avoid the occurrence of the cases of osteofascial compartment syndrome induced by a radial artery puncture for arterial blood gas analysis. Methods: We analyzed an adverse event using cheese model analysis, “fish bone” analysis, root cause analysis, and other methods. Results: There are three root causes leading to an adverse event:operation technique, assessment of the disease, and informing patient families. However, there are many reasons to promote the occurrence and development of the event. Conclusions: We should analyze and manage the adverse events in patients from the point of view of a system. Developing the measures of a system defense can enhance patient safety and create a good safety culture.

摘要：Aim: To provide a better understanding of how the nursing registration process in China compares to that of Australia and to identify common features and potential barriers that may affect or facilitate the development of China's ever-demanding need for healthcare and nursing education. <br> Background: Chinese nursing graduates are increasingly being used to augment the shortage of nurses in other countries, including Australia. However, China is desperately in need of strategies to cope with its current challenges in healthcare and nursing education. There is little discussion concerning the differences in nursing registration systems between countries, such as China and Australia. It is unknown how the differences and potential similarities of nursing registration systems in these two countries contribute to or impede nurses' training in China; or the potential for these Australia trained Chinese nursing returnees to cope with the challenges China is facing. <br> Evaluation: Using Bereday's four steps comparison method, this paper will describe, explain, compare, and contrast the nursing registration systems of Australia and China. <br> Key issues: Differences were found in the qualification requirements for:(1) initial registration, (2) levels of registration, (3) continuing professional development, (4) requirements of the registration renewal process, and (5) whether each country has a national nursing registration system. These factors may affect nursing education and healthcare development in China. <br> Conclusions: Although differences in the nursing registration process between Australia and China were identified, the insights gained from this study support the development of strategies to help with China's ever-demanding need for nursing education and healthcare development, thereby alleviating its nursing shortage. <br> Implications for nursing management: The implications of globalization of nursing education, research, and clinical practice, coupled with the nursing shortage on a global scale, have demanded increasing attention on the development of a high standard for nursing education that supports a safe and effective nursing workforce. This paper argues that there is value in nursing authorities, educators, and legislators working together in a network of collaborative engagement to support nursing education, thereby alleviating the nursing shortage on a global scale.

摘要：Objective:To analyze clinical psychological nursing research hotspots in China and variation trends in order to provide reference points on the current state of development of clinical psychological nursing and future research hotspots.Method:Clinical psychological nursing research literature sourced from Wanfang Data for the three periods of 2007-2009,2010-2012,and 2013-2015 were selected as the research sample.A bibliographic co-occurrence analysis system (BICOMB software) was used to perform keyword word frequency analysis and generate a keyword co-occurrence matrix.In addition,Ucinet software's Netdraw tool was used to create visualized network diagrams.Results:A total of 27890 articles were retrieved,and word frequency analysis revealed that the highestfrequency keywords consisted of anxiety,depression,the elderly,expectant women,coronary heart disease,diabetes,breast cancer,perioperative period,quality of life,and psychological intervention.Research hotspot analysis revealed that consistent hotspots comprised anxiety,depression,health education,and perioperative period;expectant women became a hotspot during 2010-2012,and quality of life and efficacy became hotspots during 2013-2015.Conclusions:In addition to the care process,clinical psychological nursing research hotspots in China have increasingly included the effectiveness of psychological nursing and impact on patient quality of life.In addition,research hotspots have been influenced by the incidence of illnesses and people's health consciousness.

摘要：Objective:Ileus usually occurs after abdominal surgery and is allied with complication and delays recovery.It is hypothesized that chewing gum reduces postoperative ileus by improving early recovery of gastrointestinal function.This study aimed to explore whether chewing gum after appendectomy accelerates the recovery of gastrointestinal function.Methods:Randomized control trial was used in this study.This study was conducted in the General Surgery Department at Zagazig University Hospital.A total of 240 patients undergoing appendectomy were involved in this study;they were divided into the chewing sugar-free gum group (120) and the control group (120).Two tools were utilized in this study.Tool Ⅰ:Structured Interviewing Schedule:part 1:assessment of personnel characteristics.Part 2:assessment of anthropometric measurements of the studied subjects as well as pre-and intraoperative indicators of them.Tool Ⅱ:postoperative assessment sheet:assessed postoperative parameters of the intestinal function,occurrence of postoperative ileus,and related symptoms were assessed among studied participants.Results:There were highly significant statistical differences in the time of resumption of gastrointestinal functions and postoperative ileus symptoms between the two groups (P＜0.001),which was significantly shorter in the chewing gum group compared to the control group.Conclusions:The use of chewing gum Is a useful and cheap method that can be employed to cut down the time to recover and accelerate normalization of gastrointestinal function.Chewing sugar-free gum after abdominal surgery is recommended to be added to the protocol of nursing care in the surgery units as well as its involvement in the nursing curriculum.

摘要：Objective: To investigate the effects of feeding safety instructions and dietary intervention on as-piration pneumonia in elderly patients with dysphagia. Methods: The study included 40 long-term hospitalized elderly patients with dysphagia who nee-ded oral intake. According to the voluntary and matching principle, participants were divided into the intervention group ( n=20) and control group ( n=20) . We formed a multi-disciplinary team including clinical nurses, rehabilitation therapists and nutritionists. Clinical nurses collaborated with nutritionists and rehabilitation therapists to carry out feeding management. The patients in the control group were fed with semi-solid food, thick liquid, a partial mushy diet and so on accord-ing to their swallowing situations and tastes or preferences. The patients in the intervention group were fed with an all mushy diet. Patients in both groups were able to eat foods on their own or with assistance. Results: After a three-month intervention, the incidence of aspiration pneumonia in both groups was decreased, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0. 05) . In the control group, seven patients had aspiration pneumonia, including two cases who died after nasogastric feeding due to aggravated dysphagia. In the control group, seven patients had aspiration pneumonia, in-cluding two cases was given nasogastric feeding due to aggravated dysphagia and then one case died. In the intervention group, four patients had aspiration pneumonia. There was no dropouts in either group. Conclusions: Elderly patients with dysphagia require a multidisciplinary team to work closely with them to carry out feeding management. Nurses should conduct safety guidance for care cate-ring and encouraging patients to actively eat a mushy diet. The diet can reduce the incidence of as-piration pneumonia, maintain oral intake and improve the quality of life.

摘要：Objective: Ventilator associated pneumonia ( VAP) has been shown to be associated with signifi-cant morbidity and mortality( Chastre and Fagon, 2002;klompas, 2007) among mechanically venti-lated patients in the intensive care unit ( ICU ) , with the incidence ranging from 9% to 27%;crude mortality ranges from 25% to 50%. 1-3 A meta-analysis of published studies was undertaken to combine information regarding the effect of subglottic secretion drainage ( SSD ) on the inci-dence of ventilated associated pneumonia in adult ICU patients. Methods: Reports of studies on SSD were identified by searching the PUBMED, EMBASE, and COCHRANCE LIBRARY databases ( December 30, 2010) . Randomized trials of SSD compared to usual care in adult mechanically ventilated ICU patients were included in this meta-analysis. Results: Ten RCTs with 2, 314 patients were identified. SSD significantly reduced the incidence of VAP [ relative risk ( RR)=0. 52, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 0. 42-0. 64, P<0. 000 01] . When SSD was compared with the control groups, the overall RR for ICU mortality was 1. 00 ( 95% CI, 0. 84-1. 19) and for hospital mortality was 0. 95 ( 95% CI, 0. 80-1. 13) . Overall, the subglottic drainage effect on the days of mechanical ventilation was -1. 52 days ( 95% CI, -2. 94 to -0. 11) and on the ICU length of stay ( LOS) was -0. 81days ( 95% CI, -2. 33 to -0. 7) . Conclusions: In this meta-analysis, when an endotracheal tube ( ETT) with SSD was compared with an ETT without SSD, there was a highly significant reduction in the VAP rate of approxi-mately 50%. Time on mechanical ventilation ( MV) and the ICU LOS may be reduced, but no re-duction in ICU or hospital mortality has been observed in published trials.

摘要：Objective: Skill competence is essential for nursing students and experiential teaching method has become increasingly popular in China's nursing education. To systematically evaluate the effects of experiential teaching method on the development of nursing students' skill competence, and to provide evidence for nursing education. Methods: The China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang Data, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched from their inception until November 28, 2019. We screened the studies according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted the data, and assessed the quality. Then, a meta-analysis was conducted. Results: Totally 15 studies were included, and 1,633 nursing students were analyzed by Review Manager5.3 and Stata15.1 software. The results show that the experiential teaching method can significantly improve nursing students' nursing skills such as training (SMD = 1.05, 95％ CI: 0.95–1.16, P = 0.000), learning interest (ES = 0.93, 95％ CI: 0.79–1.06), ability to analyze and solve problems (ES = 0.75, 95％ CI: 0.55–0.94), ability to judge and innovative thinking (ES = 1.01, 95％ CI: 0.77–1.25), abilities of understanding and perception (ES = 0.59, 95％ CI: 0.34–0.83), and teaching satisfaction (ES = 1.26, 95％ CI: 1.13–1.4). Conclusions: The results suggest that the experiential teaching method is more effective for the nursing students' skill competence than traditional teaching in China. However, due to the heterogeneity and bias risk, a large sample and high-quality studies are needed in future to confirm its effectiveness.

摘要：Objective: To evaluate the effect of Internet technology on continuing nursing in elderly patients with diabetic feet. Method: From January 2015 to July 2016, 12 elderly patients with diabetic foot ulcers were enrolled from the Endocrinology Department in our hospital. We used "WeChat", "E nursing" and other Internet technologies to perform remote extended care and to observe the foot ulcer outcomes. Results: All foot ulcers healed with a wound healing time between 38 and 73 days (average 57.08 ± 12.69 days). Patients did not need to travel long distances to seek medical treatment for foot ulcers, improving their satisfaction. Conclusions: The implementation of extended care for elderly patients with diabetic foot ulcers was based on the application of Internet technology. It is helpful to facilitate medical treatment, share high quality health resources and promote disease rehabilitation.

摘要：The main pathological change in post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is cartilage degeneration,which is closely related to inflammation and oxidative stress.Inflammation can cause degeneration of articular cartilage.Cartilage degeneration can also stimulate the progression of inflammation.It has been found that inflammatory cytokines can participate in the pathological process of cartilage degeneration through multiple signaling pathways,mainly mitogen-activated protein kinase,nuclear transcription factor kappa B,and Wnt-β-catenin signal transduction pathways.This review aimed at exploring the relationship between PTOA and inflammation-related cytokines by introducing the role of proinflammatory cytokines in chondrocyte destruction and extracellular matrix degradation.

摘要：Objective:To investigate the research hotspots and development trends of Chinese geriatric medicine by analyzing the high-frequency keywords,core authors,research institutions and their collaborations in papers published in the Chinese Journal of Geriatrics.Methods:Bibliometric methods and information visualization software (CiteSpace Ⅲ) were used to analyze the following 3 aspects:keywords,institutions and authors.Results:Overall,the number of papers published in the Chinese Journal of Geriatrics grew between 1994 and 2015.The top 3 institutions with the greatest numbers of published papers were Beijing Hospital,People's Liberation Army General Hospital and the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University.The authors with high productivity were Pulin Yu,Jianye Wang and Xiaoying Li.The terms "Diabetes","hypertension" and "myocardial infarction" were hotspot words that drew sustained attention in this field.Conclusions:Research on geriatric medicine is growing steadily in China.Hospitals and teaching hospitals are major contributors to publications.The collaboration of authors is more common within the same institutions or in the same regions.Clinical research is still the focus of current research.In the future,basic research should be strengthened,and collaborations between different institutions and regions should be promoted to achieve coordinated and integrated development in Chinese geriatric medicine.

摘要：Objective: To investigate general self-efficacy levels and to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and achievement motivation in student nurses in China. <br> Methods: A total of 716 student nurses were enrolled in this study from 7 hospitals in western China. Data were collected using three scales: General Data Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale ( SES) and Achievement Motivation Scale ( AMS) . There were 566 valid questionnaires. <br> Results: The mean general self-efficacy scores of the student nurses were low. There was a sig-nificantly positive relationship between self-efficacy and achievement motivation ( r=0. 432, P=0. 000) . <br> Conclusions: Our findings suggested that self-efficacy was related to age and educational levels, rather than gender and place of residence. Nursing managers should take measures to develop the self-efficacy of student nurses; when self-efficacy is developed, the achievement motivation may then be improved. Achievement motivation may also be improved through the improvement of self-efficacy.